Mishnah Makhshirin

כָּל מַשְׁקֶה שֶׁתְּחִלָּתוֹ לְרָצוֹן אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין סוֹפוֹ לְרָצוֹן, אוֹ שֶׁסּוֹפוֹ לְרָצוֹן אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין תְּחִלָּתוֹ לְרָצוֹן, הֲרֵי זֶה בְכִי יֻתַּן. מַשְׁקִין טְמֵאִים מְטַמְּאִין לְרָצוֹן וְשֶׁלֹּא לְרָצוֹן:

Any liquid which was desired at the beginning though it was not desired at the end, or which was desired at the end though it was not desired at the beginning, comes under the law of "if water be put." Unclean liquids render unclean whether [their action] is desired or is not desired.

Mishnah Makhshirin 1:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַמַּרְעִיד אֶת הָאִילָן וְנָפַל עַל חֲבֵרוֹ, אוֹ סוֹכָה וְנָפְלָה עַל חֲבֶרְתָּהּ, וְתַחְתֵּיהֶן זְרָעִים אוֹ יְרָקוֹת הַמְחֻבָּרִין לַקַּרְקַע, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, בְּכִי יֻתַּן. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֵינָן בְּכִי יֻתַּן. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ מִשּׁוּם אַבָּא יוֹסֵי חֲלֵי קוּפְרִי אִישׁ טִבְעוֹן, תְּמַהּ עַצְמְךָ אִם יֵשׁ מַשְׁקֶה טָמֵא בַתּוֹרָה, עַד שֶׁיִּתְכַּוֵּן וְיִתֵּן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא יא), וְכִי יֻתַּן מַיִם עַל זֶרַע:

If one shook a tree and it fell on another tree, or a branch and it fell on another branch, and under them were seeds or vegetables [still] joined to the ground: Bet Shammai say: this comes under the law of ‘if water be put’. But Bet Hillel say: this does not come under the law of ‘if water be put’. R. Joshua said in the name of Abba Yose Holikofri a man of Tivon: Be surprised if there is any liquid that according to the Torah causes susceptibility to uncleanness except one put it on with intention, for it is said: "If water be put upon the seed."

Mishnah Makhshirin 1:3 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַנּוֹפֵחַ בַּעֲדָשִׁים לְבָדְקָן אִם יָפוֹת הֵן, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אֵינָן בְּכִי יֻתַּן. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, בְּכִי יֻתַּן. וְהָאוֹכֵל שֻׁמְשְׁמִין בְּאֶצְבָּעוֹ, מַשְׁקִין שֶׁעַל יָדוֹ, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אֵינָן בְּכִי יֻתַּן. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, בְּכִי יֻתַּן. הַטּוֹמֵן פֵּרוֹתָיו בַּמַּיִם מִפְּנֵי הַגַּנָּבִים, אֵינָן בְּכִי יֻתַּן. מַעֲשֶׂה בְאַנְשֵׁי יְרוּשָׁלַיִם שֶׁטָּמְנוּ דְבֵלָתָן בַּמַּיִם מִפְּנֵי הַסִּיקָרִין, וְטִהֲרוּ לָהֶן חֲכָמִים. הַנּוֹתֵן פֵּרוֹתָיו בְּשִׁבֹּלֶת הַנָּהָר לַהֲבִיאָן עִמּוֹ, אֵינָן בְּכִי יֻתַּן:

If one blew on lentils in order to test whether they were good: Rabbi Shimon says: this does not come under the law of ‘if water be put’. But the sages say: this does come under the law of ‘if water be put’. If one ate sesame with his finger, with regard to the liquid that was on his hand: Rabbi Shimon says: this does not come under the law of ‘if water be put’. But the sages say: this does come under the law of ‘if water be put’. If one hid his fruit in water from thieves, it does not come under the law of ‘if water be put’. Once it happened that the men of Jerusalem hid their fig cakes in water from the robbers, and the sages declared that they were not susceptible to uncleanness. If one put his fruit in the stream of a river to make it come down with him, it does not come under the law of ‘if water be put’.

Mishnah Makhshirin 1:6 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

שְׁתֵּי בְרֵכוֹת, אַחַת טְהוֹרָה וְאַחַת טְמֵאָה, הַמַּזִּיעַ קָרוֹב לַטְּמֵאָה, טָמֵא. קָרוֹב לַטְּהוֹרָה, טָהוֹר. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה, טָמֵא. בַּרְזֶל טָמֵא שֶׁבְּלָלוֹ עִם בַּרְזֶל טָהוֹר, אִם רֹב מִן הַטָּמֵא, טָמֵא. וְאִם רֹב מִן הַטָּהוֹר, טָהוֹר. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה, טָמֵא. גִּסְטְרָיוֹת שֶׁיִּשְׂרָאֵל וְנָכְרִים מַטִּילִין לְתוֹכָהּ, אִם רֹב מִן הַטָּמֵא, טָמֵא. וְאִם רֹב מִן הַטָּהוֹר, טָהוֹר. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה, טָמֵא. מֵי שְׁפִיכוּת שֶׁיָּרְדוּ עֲלֵיהֶן מֵי גְשָׁמִים, אִם רֹב מִן הַטָּמֵא, טָמֵא. וְאִם רֹב מִן הַטָּהוֹר, טָהוֹר. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה, טָמֵא. אֵימָתַי, בִּזְמַן שֶׁקָּדְמוּ מֵי שְׁפִיכוּת. אֲבָל אִם קָדְמוּ מֵי גְשָׁמִים, אֲפִלּוּ כָל שֶׁהֵן, לְמֵי שְׁפִיכוּת, טָמֵא:

Two pools, the one clean and the other unclean: The sweat near the unclean pool is unclean, And the sweat near the clean pool is clean, And what is at equal distance [from both pools] is unclean. Unclean iron was smelted with clean iron: If the greater part [came] from the unclean iron, it is unclean; If the greater part [came] from the clean iron, it is clean; But if there was half of each, it is unclean. Pots owned by Israelites and non-Jews used for passing water: If the greater part is from the unclean [urine], it is unclean; If the greater part is from the clean [urine], it is clean; But if there was half of each, it is unclean. Waste-water, in which rain had fallen: If the greater part consisted of the unclean water, it is unclean; If the greater part consisted of clean water, it is clean; But if there was half of each, it is unclean. When [is this the case]? When the waste-water came first; but if the rain water came before [the waste-water], it is unclean whatever the quantity [of the rain water].

Mishnah Makhshirin 2:3 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

מָצָא בָהּ מְצִיאָה, אִם רֹב נָכְרִים, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְהַכְרִיז. וְאִם רֹב יִשְׂרָאֵל, צָרִיךְ לְהַכְרִיז. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה, צָרִיךְ לְהַכְרִיז. מָצָא בָהּ פַּת, הוֹלְכִין אַחַר רֹב הַנַּחְתּוֹמִין. וְאִם הָיְתָה פַת עִסָּה, הוֹלְכִים אַחַר רֹב אוֹכְלֵי פַת עִסָּה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אִם הָיְתָה פַת קִבָּר, הוֹלְכִין אַחַר רֹב אוֹכְלֵי פַת קִבָּר:

If one found there lost property, If the majority [of the inhabitants] were non-Jews, he need not proclaim it; If the majority were Israelites, he must proclaim it; If they were half and half, he must [also] proclaim it. If one found bread there we must consider who form the majority of the bakers. If it was bread of clean flour, we must consider who form the majority of those who eat bread of pure flour. Rabbi Judah says: if it was coarse bread, we must consider who form the majority of those who eat coarse bread.

Mishnah Makhshirin 2:8 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַמּוֹצֵא פֵרוֹת בַּדֶּרֶךְ, אִם רֹב מַכְנִיסִין לְבָתֵּיהֶן, פָּטוּר. וְלִמְכֹּר בַּשּׁוּק, חַיָּב. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה, דְּמַאי. אוֹצָר שֶׁיִּשְׂרָאֵל וְנָכְרִים מַטִּילִין לְתוֹכוֹ, אִם רֹב נָכְרִים, וַדַּאי. וְאִם רֹב יִשְׂרָאֵל, דְּמַאי. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה, וַדַּאי, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֲפִלּוּ כֻלָּם נָכְרִים וְיִשְׂרָאֵל אֶחָד מַטִּיל לְתוֹכוֹ, דְּמַאי:

If one found produce on the road: If the majority [of the inhabitants] gathered produce into their homes, he is exempt [from tithes]; If [the majority gathered it] for selling in the market, he is liable [for tithes]; If they were half and half, the produce is demai. A granary into which both Israelites and non-Jews put their produce, If the majority were non-Jews, [the produce must be considered] certainly untithed; If the majority were Israelites, [it must be considered] demai; If they were half and half, [it must be considered] certainly untithed, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the sages say: even if they were all non-Jews, and only one Israelite put his produce into the granary, [it must be considered] demai.

Mishnah Makhshirin 2:10 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַמְרַבֵּץ אֶת בֵּיתוֹ וְנָתַן בּוֹ חִטִּים וְטָנְנוּ, אִם מֵחֲמַת הַמַּיִם, בְּכִי יֻתַּן. וְאִם מֵחֲמַת הַסֶּלַע, אֵינָן בְּכִי יֻתַּן. הַמְכַבֵּס אֶת כְּסוּתוֹ בַּעֲרֵבָה, נָתַן בָּהּ חִטִּים וְטָנְנוּ, אִם מֵחֲמַת הַמַּיִם, בְּכִי יֻתַּן. אִם מֵחֲמַת עַצְמָן, אֵינָן בְּכִי יֻתַּן. הַמְטַנֵּן בְּחֹל, הֲרֵי זֶה בְכִי יֻתַּן. מַעֲשֶׂה בְאַנְשֵׁי הַמָּחוֹז שֶׁהָיוּ מְטִנִּין בְּחֹל, אָמְרוּ לָהֶם חֲכָמִים, אִם כָּךְ הֱיִיתֶם עוֹשִׂים, לֹא עֲשִׂיתֶם טָהֳרָה מִימֵיכֶם:

If one sprinkled [the floor of] his house [with water] and put wheat therein and it became moist: If [the moisture came] from the water, it comes under the law of ‘if water be put’; But if [the moisture came] from the stones [on the floor], it does not come under the law of ‘if water be put’. If one washed his garment in a tub and put wheat therein and it became moist: If [the moisture came] from the water, it comes under the law of ‘if water be put’; But if [the moisture came] of itself, it does not come under the law of ‘if water be put’. If one put [produce] in sand for it to become moist, this comes under the law of ‘if water be put’. It happened with the men of Mahoz that they used to moisten [their produce] with sand, and the sages said to them: if you have always acted in this manner, you have never prepared your food in purity.

Mishnah Makhshirin 3:4 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַמְטַנֵּן בְּטִיט הַנָּגוּב, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ מַשְׁקֶה טוֹפֵחַ, בְּכִי יֻתַּן. וְאִם לָאו, אֵינוֹ בְּכִי יֻתַּן. הַמְרַבֵּץ אֶת גָּרְנוֹ, אֵינוֹ חוֹשֵׁשׁ שֶׁמָּא נָתַן בָּהּ חִטִּים וְטָנְנוּ. הַמְלַקֵּט עֲשָׂבִים כְּשֶׁהַטַּל עֲלֵיהֶם, לְהָטֵן בָּהֶם חִטִּים, אֵינָן בְּכִי יֻתַּן. אִם נִתְכַּוֵּן לְכָךְ, הֲרֵי זֶה בְכִי יֻתַּן. הַמּוֹלִיךְ חִטִּין לִטְחֹן וְיָרְדוּ עֲלֵיהֶן גְּשָׁמִים, אִם שָׂמַח, בְּכִי יֻתַּן. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אִי אֶפְשָׁר שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׂמֹחַ, אֶלָּא אִם עָמָד:

If one moistened [produce] with drying clay: Rabbi Shimon says: if there was still in it dripping liquid, it comes under the law of ‘if water be put’; But if there was not, it does not come under the law of ‘if water be put’. If one sprinkled his threshing-floor with water, he need not be concerned lest wheat be put there and it become moist. If one gathered grass with the dew still on it in order to moisten wheat with it, it does not come under the law of ‘if water be put’, But if his intention was for this purpose, it does come under the law of ‘if water be put’. If one carried wheat to be milled and rain came down upon it and he was glad of it, it comes under the law of ‘if water be put’. Rabbi Judah said: one cannot help being glad of it. Rather, [it comes under the law] only if he stopped [on his way].

Mishnah Makhshirin 3:5 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַמּוֹרִיד אֶת הַגַּלְגַּלִּים וְאֶת כְּלֵי הַבָּקָר בִּשְׁעַת הַקָּדִים לַמַּיִם בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁיָּחוּצוּ, הֲרֵי זֶה בְכִי יֻתַּן. הַמּוֹרִיד בְּהֵמָה לִשְׁתּוֹת, הַמַּיִם הָעוֹלִים בְּפִיהָ, בְּכִי יֻתַּן. וּבְרַגְלֶיהָ, אֵינָן בְּכִי יֻתַּן. אִם חָשַׁב שֶׁיּוּדְחוּ רַגְלֶיהָ, אַף הָעוֹלִין בְּרַגְלֶיהָ, בְּכִי יֻתַּן. בִּשְׁעַת הַיַּחַף וְהַדַּיִשׁ, לְעוֹלָם טָמֵא. הוֹרִיד חֵרֵשׁ שׁוֹטֶה וְקָטָן, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁחוֹשֵׁב שֶׁיּוּדְחוּ רַגְלֶיהָ, אֵינָן בְּכִי יֻתַּן, שֶׁיֶּשׁ לָהֶן מַעֲשֶׂה וְאֵין לָהֶן מַחֲשָׁבָה:

If one lowered wheels or the gear of oxen into water at the time of the hot east wind in order that they might become tightened, this comes under the law of ‘if water be put’. If one took down a beast to drink, the water which came up on its mouth comes under the law of ‘if water be put’, but that which came up on its feet does not come under the law of ‘if water be put’. If he intended that its feet should be washed, even the water that came up on its feet comes under the law of ‘if water be put’. At the time of footsoreness or of threshing it always causes susceptibility to uncleanness. If a deaf-mute, an imbecile or a minor took it down, even though his intention was that its feet should be washed, it does not come under the law of ‘if water be put’, because with these the act alone counts, but not the intention.

Mishnah Makhshirin 3:8 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

עֲרֵבָה שֶׁיָּרַד הַדֶּלֶף לְתוֹכָהּ, הַנִּתָּזִין וְהַצָּפִין אֵינָן בְּכִי יֻתַּן. נְטָלָהּ לְשָׁפְכָהּ, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, בְּכִי יֻתַּן. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֵינָן בְּכִי יֻתַּן. הִנִּיחָהּ שֶׁיֵּרֵד הַדֶּלֶף לְתוֹכָהּ, הַנִּתָּזִין וְהַצָּפִין, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, בְּכִי יֻתַּן. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֵינָן בְּכִי יֻתַּן. נְטָלָהּ לְשָׁפְכָהּ, אֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ מוֹדִים שֶׁהֵן בְּכִי יֻתַּן. הַמַּטְבִּיל אֶת הַכֵּלִים וְהַמְכַבֵּס אֶת כְּסוּתוֹ בִּמְעָרָה, הַמַּיִם הָעוֹלִים בְּיָדָיו, בְּכִי יֻתַּן. בְּרַגְלָיו, אֵינָן בְּכִי יֻתַּן. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר, אִם אִי אֶפְשָׁר לוֹ שֶׁיֵּרֵד אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן נִטַּנְּפוּ רַגְלָיו, אַף הָעוֹלִין בְּרַגְלָיו בְּכִי יֻתַּן:

A tub into which a leak [from a roof] fell, the water which splashed out or ran over does not come under the law of ‘if water be put’. If one moved the tub in order to pour out the water: Bet Shammai say: it comes under the law of ‘if water be put’. But Bet Hillel say: it does not come under the law of ‘if water be put’. If one placed the tub in order that the leak [from the roof] should fall into it: Bet Shammai say: the water that splashes out or runs over comes under the law of ‘if water be put’. But Bet Hillel say: it does not come under the law of ‘if water be put’. If one moved the tub in order to pour out the water, both agree that it comes under the law of ‘if water be put’. If one immersed vessels or washed his garment in a cavern, the water that came up on his hands comes under the law of ‘if water be put’; but what came up on his feet does not come under the law of ‘if water be put’. Rabbi Elazar says: if it was not possible for him to go down into the cavern without soiling his feet, what came up on his feet also comes under the law of ‘if water be put’.

Mishnah Makhshirin 4:5 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

קֻפָּה שֶׁהִיא מְלֵאָה תֻרְמוֹסִין וּנְתָנוּהָ לְתוֹךְ מִקְוֶה, מוֹשִׁיט יָדוֹ וְנוֹטֵל תֻּרְמוֹסִין מִתּוֹכָהּ, וְהֵם טְהוֹרִים. הֶעֱלָם מִן הַמַּיִם, הַנּוֹגְעִים בַּקֻּפָּה, טְמֵאִים, וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַתֻּרְמוֹסִים, טְהוֹרִים. צְנוֹן שֶׁבַּמְּעָרָה, נִדָּה מְדִיחָתוֹ וְהוּא טָהוֹר. הֶעֱלַתּוּ כָל שֶׁהוּא מִן הַמַּיִם, טָמֵא:

A basket full of lupines placed in a mikveh, one may put out his hand and take lupines from it and they remain clean. But if he lifted them out of the water, those that touch the basket are unclean, but the rest of the lupines are clean. If there was a radish in a cavern, a niddah may rinse it and leave it clean. But if she lifted it, however little, out of the water, it becomes unclean.

Mishnah Makhshirin 4:6 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

עֵצִים שֶׁנָּפְלוּ עֲלֵיהֶם מַשְׁקִין וְיָרְדוּ עֲלֵיהֶם גְּשָׁמִים, אִם רַבּוּ, טְהוֹרִים. הוֹצִיאָם שֶׁיֵּרְדוּ עֲלֵיהֶם גְּשָׁמִים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁרַבּוּ, טְמֵאִים. בָּלְעוּ מַשְׁקִים טְמֵאִים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוֹצִיאָם שֶׁיֵּרְדוּ עֲלֵיהֶם גְּשָׁמִים, טְהוֹרִין. וְלֹא יַסִּיקֵם אֶלָּא בְיָדַיִם טְהוֹרוֹת בִּלְבָד. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אִם הָיוּ לַחִין וְהִסִּיקָן, וְרַבּוּ הַמַּשְׁקִין הַיּוֹצְאִין מֵהֶן עַל הַמַּשְׁקִין שֶׁבָּלְעוּ, טְהוֹרִים:

If [unclean] liquids fell upon wood and rain came down upon it and [the rain water] exceeded [the liquids] in quantity, they are clean. If he took [the wood out] so that rain would come down upon it, they are unclean even though [the rain water] exceeded in quantity. If [the wood] had absorbed unclean liquids, even if he took the wood outside in order that rain should come down upon it, it is clean. But one may not light the wood in an oven except with clean hands. Rabbi Shimon says: if the wood was moist and then he lit it, and the liquids that came out of it exceeded in quantity the liquids which it had absorbed, they become clean.

Mishnah Makhshirin 4:10 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַמַּיִם הָעוֹלִין בַּסְּפִינָה וּבָעֵקֶל וּבַמְּשׁוֹטוֹת, אֵינָן בְּכִי יֻתַּן. בַּמְּצוֹדוֹת וּבָרְשָׁתוֹת וּבַמִּכְמָרוֹת, אֵינָן בְּכִי יֻתַּן. וְאִם נִעֵר, בְּכִי יֻתַּן. הַמּוֹלִיךְ אֶת הַסְּפִינָה לַיָּם הַגָּדוֹל לְצָרְפָהּ, הַמּוֹצִיא מַסְמֵר לַגְּשָׁמִים לְצָרְפוֹ, הַמַּנִּיחַ אֶת הָאוּד בַּגְּשָׁמִים לְכַבּוֹתוֹ, הֲרֵי זֶה בְכִי יֻתַּן:

The water that comes up into a ship or into the bilge or on the oars does not come under the law of ‘if water be put’. The water that comes up in snares, nets, or in fishing nets does not come under the law of ‘if water be put’; But if he shook them out it does come under the law of ‘if water be put’. One who leads a ship out into the Great Sea in order to forge its bolts, or one who takes a nail out into the rain in order to forge it, or one who puts a brand out in the rain in order to extinguish it, this comes under the law of ‘if water be put’.

Mishnah Makhshirin 5:7 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

כָּל הַנִּצּוֹק, טָהוֹר, חוּץ מִדְּבַשׁ הַזִּיפִין, וְהַצַּפָּחַת. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אַף הַמִּקְפָּה שֶׁל גְּרִיסִין וְשֶׁל פּוֹל, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא סוֹלֶדֶת לְאַחֲרֶיהָ:

A flow pouring [from one vessel to another] is clean, except [the flow] of honey of ziphim bees and honey batter. Bet Shammai say: also [the flow of] thick pottage of split beans, because it thickens up backwards.

Mishnah Makhshirin 5:9 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהָיוּ יָדֶיהָ טְהוֹרוֹת, וּמְגִיסָה בִקְדֵרָה טְמֵאָה, אִם הִזִּיעוּ יָדֶיהָ, טְמֵאוֹת. הָיוּ יָדֶיהָ טְמֵאוֹת, וּמְגִיסָה בִקְדֵרָה טְהוֹרָה, אִם הִזִּיעוּ יָדֶיהָ, הַקְּדֵרָה טְמֵאָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אִם נָטְפוּ. הַשּׁוֹקֵל עֲנָבִים בְּכַף מֹאזְנַיִם, הַיַּיִן שֶׁבַּכַּף, טָהוֹר, עַד שֶׁיְּעָרֶה לְתוֹךְ הַכְּלִי. הֲרֵי זֶה דוֹמֶה לְסַלֵּי זֵיתִים וַעֲנָבִים כְּשֶׁהֵן מְנַטְּפִין:

If a woman whose hands were clean stirred an unclean pot and her hands perspired, they become unclean. If her hands were unclean and she stirred a clean pot and her hands perspired the pot becomes unclean. Rabbi Yose says: only if her hands dripped. One who weighs grapes with a balance, the wine in the scale is clean until it is poured into a vessel. Behold, this is like baskets of olives and grapes when they are dripping [with sap].

Mishnah Makhshirin 5:11 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

כָּל הַבֵּיצִים בְּחֶזְקַת טָהֳרָה, חוּץ מִשֶּׁל מוֹכְרֵי מַשְׁקֶה. וְאִם הָיוּ מוֹכְרִין עִמָּהֶן פֵּרוֹת יְבֵשִׁים, טְהוֹרוֹת. כָּל הַדָּגִים בְּחֶזְקַת טֻמְאָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, חֲתִיכַת אִלְתִּית וְדָג הַמִּצְרִי הַבָּא בְקֻפָּה וְקוּלְיָס הָאִסְפָּנִין, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ בְחֶזְקַת טָהֳרָה. כָּל הַצִּיר בְּחֶזְקַת טֻמְאָה. וְעַל כֻּלָּם, עַם הָאָרֶץ נֶאֱמָן לוֹמַר טְהוֹרִים הֵן, חוּץ מִשֶּׁל דָּגָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן מַפְקִידִין אוֹתָהּ אֵצֶל עַם הָאָרֶץ. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר, צִיר טָהוֹר שֶׁנָּפַל לְתוֹכוֹ מַיִם כָּל שֶׁהֵן, טָמֵא:

All eggs are presumed to be clean except those of sellers of liquids. But if they sold with them dry produce, they are clean. All fish are presumed unclean. Rabbi Judah says: pieces of aylatit and Egyptian fish which arrives in a basket, and Spanish tunny, these may be presumed clean. All kinds of brine may be presumed unclean. Concerning all these an am ha-aretz may be trusted when he declares them to be clean, except in the case of small fish, since they are usually stored with any am ha-aretz. Rabbi Eliezer ben Jacob says: clean brine into which water fell in any quantity must be deemed unclean.

Mishnah Makhshirin 6:3 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

שִׁבְעָה מַשְׁקִין הֵן. הַטַּל וְהַמַּיִם, הַיַּיִן וְהַשֶּׁמֶן, וְהַדָּם, וְהֶחָלָב, וּדְבַשׁ דְּבוֹרִים. דְּבַשׁ צְרָעִים, טָהוֹר, וּמֻתָּר בַּאֲכִילָה:

There are seven liquids: dew, water, wine, oil, blood, milk and bees’ honey. Hornets’ honey does not cause susceptibility to uncleanness and may be eaten.

Mishnah Makhshirin 6:4 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

תּוֹלָדוֹת לַמַּיִם, הַיּוֹצְאִין מִן הָעַיִן, מִן הָאֹזֶן, מִן הַחֹטֶם, מִן הַפֶּה, מֵי רַגְלַיִם, בֵּין גְּדוֹלִים בֵּין קְטַנִּים, לְדַעְתּוֹ וְשֶׁלֹּא לְדַעְתּוֹ. תּוֹלָדוֹת לַדָּם, דַּם שְׁחִיטָה. בַּבְּהֵמָה וּבַחַיָּה וּבָעוֹפוֹת הַטְּהוֹרִים, וְדַם הַקָּזָה לִשְׁתִיָּה. מֵי חָלָב, כֶּחָלָב. וְהַמֹּחַל, כַּשֶּׁמֶן, שֶׁאֵין הַמֹּחַל יוֹצֵא מִידֵי שֶׁמֶן, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין עִמּוֹ שָׁמֶן. דַּם הַשֶּׁרֶץ, כִּבְשָׂרוֹ, מְטַמֵּא וְאֵינוֹ מַכְשִׁיר, וְאֵין לָנוּ כַּיּוֹצֵא בוֹ:

Derivatives of water are: the liquids that come from the eye, from the ear, from the nose and from the mouth, and urine, whether of adults or of children, whether [its flow is] conscious or unconscious. Derivatives of blood are: blood from the slaughtering of cattle and wild animals and birds that are clean, and blood from bloodletting for drinking. Whey is like milk, And the sap of olives is deemed like oil, since it is never free from oil, the words of Rabbi Shimon. Rabbi Meir says: even though it contains no oil. The blood of a sheretz is like its flesh, it causes uncleanness but does not cause susceptibility to uncleanness, and there is nothing else like it.

Mishnah Makhshirin 6:5 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp