Mishnah Mikvaot

שֵׁשׁ מַעֲלוֹת בַּמִּקְוָאוֹת, זוֹ לְמַעְלָה מִזּוֹ, וְזוֹ לְמַעְלָה מִזּוֹ. מֵי גְבָאִים, שָׁתָה טָמֵא וְשָׁתָה טָהוֹר, טָמֵא. שָׁתָה טָמֵא וּמִלֵּא בִכְלִי טָהוֹר, טָמֵא. שָׁתָה טָמֵא וְנָפַל כִּכָּר שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, אִם הֵדִיחַ, טָמֵא. וְאִם לֹא הֵדִיחַ, טָהוֹר:

There are six degrees of mikvaot, each superior to the other. The water of pools [smaller than 40 seah] if an unclean person drank of it and then a clean person drank of it, he becomes unclean; If an unclean person drank of it and then drew water from it in a clean vessel, [the vessel] becomes unclean; If an unclean person drank of it and then a loaf of terumah fell in: If he washed [his hands] in it, it becomes unclean; But if he did not wash [his hands] in it, it continues clean.

Mishnah Mikvaot 1:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

נָפַל לְתוֹכָן מֵת, אוֹ שֶׁהָלַךְ בָּהֶן הַטָּמֵא, וְשָׁתָה טָהוֹר, טָהוֹר. אֶחָד מֵי גְבָאִים, מֵי בוֹרוֹת, מֵי שִׁיחִים, מֵי מְעָרוֹת, מֵי תַמְצִיּוֹת שֶׁפָּסְקוּ, וּמִקְוָאוֹת שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶם אַרְבָּעִים סְאָה, בִּשְׁעַת הַגְּשָׁמִים הַכֹּל טָהוֹר. פָּסְקוּ הַגְּשָׁמִים, הַקְּרוֹבִים לָעִיר וְלַדֶּרֶךְ, טְמֵאִים. וְהָרְחוֹקִים, טְהוֹרִין, עַד שֶׁיְּהַלְּכוּ רֹב בְּנֵי אָדָם:

If a corpse fell into it or an unclean person walked in it, and a clean person drank of it, he is clean. The same rule applies to the water of pools, the water of cisterns, the water of ditches, the water of caverns, the water of rain flows which have stopped, and mikvehs of less than forty seahs. They are all clean during the time of rain; When the rain has stopped those near to a city or to a road are unclean, and those distant remain clean until the majority of people pass [that way].

Mishnah Mikvaot 1:4 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

לְמַעְלָה מֵהֶן, מִקְוֶה שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ אַרְבָּעִים סְאָה, שֶׁבּוֹ טוֹבְלִין וּמַטְבִּילִין. לְמַעְלָה מֵהֶן, מַעְיָן שֶׁמֵּימָיו מֻעָטִין וְרַבּוּ עָלָיו מַיִם שְׁאוּבִין, שָׁוֶה לַמִּקְוֶה לְטַהֵר בְּאַשְׁבֹּרֶן, וְלַמַּעְיָן לְהַטְבִּיל בּוֹ בְּכָל שֶׁהוּא:

Superior to such [water] is [the water of] the mikveh containing forty seahs, for in it people may immerse themselves and immerse other [things]. Superior to such [water] is [the water of] a spring whose own water is little but has been increased by a greater quantity of drawn water. It is equivalent to the mikveh in as much as it may render clean by standing water, and to an [ordinary] spring in as much as one may immerse in it whatever the quantity of its contents.

Mishnah Mikvaot 1:7 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

מִקְוֶה שֶׁנִּמְדַּד וְנִמְצָא חָסֵר, כָּל טָהֳרוֹת שֶׁנַּעֲשׂוּ עַל גַּבָּיו לְמַפְרֵעַ, בֵּין בִּרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד בֵּין בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, טְמֵאוֹת. בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בְּטֻמְאָה חֲמוּרָה. אֲבָל בְּטֻמְאָה קַלָּה, כְּגוֹן אָכַל אֳכָלִים טְמֵאִים, וְשָׁתָה מַשְׁקִין טְמֵאִים, בָּא רֹאשׁוֹ וְרֻבּוֹ בְּמַיִם שְׁאוּבִים, אוֹ שֶׁנָּפְלוּ עַל רֹאשׁוֹ וְעַל רֻבּוֹ שְׁלשָׁה לֻגִּין מַיִם שְׁאוּבִין, וְיָרַד לִטְבֹּל, סָפֵק טָבַל סָפֵק לֹא טָבַל, אֲפִלּוּ טָבַל, סָפֵק יֶשׁ בּוֹ אַרְבָּעִים סְאָה סָפֵק אֵין בּוֹ. שְׁנֵי מִקְוָאוֹת, אֶחָד יֶשׁ בּוֹ אַרְבָּעִים סְאָה, וְאֶחָד שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ, טָבַל בְּאַחַד מֵהֶן וְאֵינוֹ יוֹדֵעַ בְּאֵיזֶה מֵהֶן טָבַל, סְפֵקוֹ טָהוֹר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי מְטַמֵּא, שֶׁרַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, כָּל דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא בְחֶזְקַת טֻמְאָה, לְעוֹלָם הוּא בִפְסוּלוֹ, עַד שֶׁיִּוָּדַע שֶׁטָּהַר. אֲבָל סְפֵקוֹ לִטָּמֵא וּלְטַמֵּא, טָהוֹר:

If a mikveh was measured and was found lacking [in its prescribed quantity], all things which had been purified in it, whether in private domain or in a public domain, are accounted unclean retroactively. To what does this rule apply? To a serious uncleanness. But in the case of a lesser uncleanness, for instance if he ate unclean foods or drank unclean liquids, or if his head and the greater part of his body entered into drawn water, or if three logs of drawn water fell on his head and the greater part of his body, and he then went down to immerse himself and he is in doubt whether he immersed himself or not, or even if he did immerse himself there is [still] a doubt whether the mikveh contained forty seahs or not, or if there were two mikvehs, one containing forty seahs and not the other, and he immersed himself in one of them but does not know in which of them he immersed himself, in such a doubt he is accounted clean. Rabbi Yose considers him unclean, for Rabbi Yose says: anything which is presumed to be unclean always remains in a condition of unfitness until it is known that it has become clean; but if there is a doubt whether a person became unclean or caused uncleanness, it is to be accounted clean.

Mishnah Mikvaot 2:2 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַמַּנִּיחַ קַנְקַנִּים בְּרֹאשׁ הַגַּג לְנַגְּבָן וְנִתְמַלְּאוּ מַיִם, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אִם עוֹנַת גְּשָׁמִים הִיא, אִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ כִמְעַט מַיִם בַּבּוֹר, יְשַׁבֵּר. וְאִם לָאו, לֹא יְשַׁבֵּר. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, בֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ יְשַׁבֵּר, אוֹ יִכְפֶּה, אֲבָל לֹא יְעָרֶה:

If one had left wine-jars on the roof to dry and they became filled with water: Rabbi Eliezer says: if it was the season of rain and there was [in the cistern] a little water, one may break the jars; otherwise one may not break them. Rabbi Joshua says: in either case one may break them or tilt them over, but one may not empty [them into the cistern].

Mishnah Mikvaot 2:7 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

מִקְוֶה שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ אַרְבָּעִים סְאָה מַיִם וָטִיט, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, מַטְבִּילִין בַּמַּיִם וְאֵין מַטְבִּילִין בַּטִּיט. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, בַּמַּיִם וּבַטִּיט. בְּאֵיזֶה טִיט מַטְבִּילִין. בְּטִיט שֶׁהַמַּיִם צָפִים עַל גַּבָּיו. הָיוּ הַמַּיִם מִצַּד אֶחָד, מוֹדֶה רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ שֶׁמַּטְבִּילִין בַּמַּיִם וְאֵין מַטְבִּילִין בַּטִּיט. בְּאֵיזֶה טִיט אָמְרוּ. בְּטִיט שֶׁהַקָּנֶה יוֹרֵד מֵאֵלָיו, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, מְקוֹם שֶׁאֵין קְנֵה הַמִּדָּה עוֹמֵד. אַבָּא אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן דּוֹלְעַאי אוֹמֵר, מְקוֹם שֶׁהַמִּשְׁקֹלֶת יוֹרֶדֶת. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, הַיּוֹרֵד בְּפִי חָבִית. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, הַנִּכְנָס בִּשְׁפוֹפֶרֶת הַנּוֹד. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בַּר צָדוֹק אוֹמֵר, הַנִּמְדָּד בַּלֹּג:

A mikveh which contains forty seahs of water and mud [combined]: Rabbi Eliezer says: one may immerse objects in the water but one may not immerse them in the mud. But Rabbi Joshua says: in the water and also in the mud. In what kind of mud may objects be immersed? Mud over which water floats. If the water was on one side only, Rabbi Joshua agrees that objects may be immersed in the water but may not be immersed in the mud. Of what kind of mud have they spoken? Mud into which a reed will sink of itself, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Judah says: [mud] in which a measuring-rod will not stand upright. Abba Elazar ben Dulai says: [mud] into which a plummet will sink. Rabbi Eliezer says: such as will go down into the mouth of a jar. Rabbi Shimon says: such as will enter into the tube of a water- skin. Rabbi Elazar bar Zadok says: such as can be measured in a log measure.

Mishnah Mikvaot 2:10 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, שְׁנֵי מִקְוָאוֹת שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶם אַרְבָּעִים סְאָה, וְנָפְלוּ לָזֶה לֹג וּמֶחֱצָה וְלָזֶה לֹג וּמֶחֱצָה וְנִתְעָרְבוּ, כְּשֵׁרִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא נִקְרָא עֲלֵיהֶן שֵׁם פְּסוּל. אֲבָל מִקְוֶה שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ אַרְבָּעִים סְאָה וְנָפְלוּ בוֹ שְׁלשָׁה לֻגִּין וְנֶחֱלַק לִשְׁנַיִם, פָּסוּל, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁנִּקְרָא עָלָיו שֵׁם פְּסוּל. וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ מַכְשִׁיר, שֶׁהָיָה רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, כָּל מִקְוֶה שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ אַרְבָּעִים סְאָה וְנָפְלוּ לוֹ שְׁלשָׁה לֻגִּין וְחָסַר אֲפִלּוּ קֹרְטוֹב, כָּשֵׁר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁחָסְרוּ לוֹ שְׁלשָׁה לֻגִּין. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, לְעוֹלָם הוּא בִפְסוּלוֹ, עַד שֶׁיֵּצֵא מִמֶּנּוּ מְלוֹאוֹ וָעוֹד:

Rabbi Yose says: two mikvehs neither of which contains forty seahs and a log and a half [of drawn water] fell into this one and a log and a half into this one, and then they are mixed together, they remain valid, since they had never been called as invalid. But if there is a mikveh holding less than forty seahs, and three logs [of drawn water] fell into it, and it was then divided into two, it is invalid, since it had already been called invalid. Rabbi Joshua declares it valid, for Rabbi Joshua used to say: any mikveh containing less than forty seahs into which three logs [of drawn water] fell and from which a kortov was withdrawn becomes valid, since the three logs have also been diminished. But the sages say: it always remains invalid until the amount of its former contents and a little more are removed.

Mishnah Mikvaot 3:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

בּוֹר שֶׁהוּא מָלֵא מַיִם שְׁאוּבִין וְהָאַמָּה נִכְנֶסֶת לוֹ וְיוֹצְאָה מִמֶּנּוּ, לְעוֹלָם הוּא בִפְסוּלוֹ, עַד שֶׁיִּתְחַשֵּׁב שֶׁלֹּא נִשְׁתַּיֵּר מִן הָרִאשׁוֹנִים שְׁלשָׁה לֻגִּין. שְׁנַיִם שֶׁהָיוּ מַטִּילִין לַמִּקְוֶה, זֶה לֹג וּמֶחֱצָה וָזֶה לֹג וּמֶחֱצָה, הַסּוֹחֵט אֶת כְּסוּתוֹ וּמַטִּיל מִמְּקוֹמוֹת הַרְבֵּה, וְהַמְּעָרֶה מִן הַצַּרְצוּר וּמַטִּיל מִמְּקוֹמוֹת הַרְבֵּה, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מַכְשִׁיר, וַחֲכָמִים פּוֹסְלִין. אָמַר רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, לֹא אָמְרוּ מַטִּילִין, אֶלָּא מַטִּיל. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, לֹא כָךְ וְלֹא כָךְ אָמְרוּ, אֶלָּא שֶׁנָּפְלוּ לוֹ שְׁלשָׁה לֻגִּין:

If a cistern is full of drawn water and a channel leads into it and out of it, it continues to be invalid until it can be reckoned that there does not remain in it three logs of the former [water]. If two men each poured a log and a half [of drawn water] into a mikveh, or if one wrung out his clothes and so poured in [water] from several places, or if one emptied out a water-jug and so poured in [water]from several places, Rabbi Akiva declares it valid, But the sages declare it invalid. Rabbi Akiva said: they did not say "if they poured in," rather "if one poured in." But they said: they said neither thus nor thus, but rather "if there fell in three logs [of drawn water]."

Mishnah Mikvaot 3:3 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

מִכְּלִי אֶחָד, מִשְּׁנַיִם וּמִשְּׁלשָׁה, מִצְטָרְפִין. וּמֵאַרְבָּעָה, אֵין מִצְטָרְפִין. בַּעַל קֶרִי הַחוֹלֶה שֶׁנָּפְלוּ עָלָיו תִּשְׁעָה קַבִּין מַיִם, וְטָהוֹר שֶׁנָּפְלוּ עַל רֹאשׁוֹ וְעַל רֻבּוֹ שְׁלשָׁה לֻגִּין מַיִם שְׁאוּבִין, מִכְּלִי אֶחָד, מִשְּׁנַיִם וּמִשְּׁלשָׁה, מִצְטָרְפִין. מֵאַרְבָּעָה, אֵין מִצְטָרְפִין. בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים. בִּזְמַן שֶׁהִתְחִיל הַשֵּׁנִי עַד שֶׁלֹּא פָסַק הָרִאשׁוֹן. וּבַמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים. בִּזְמַן שֶׁלֹּא נִתְכַּוֵּן לְרַבּוֹת. אֲבָל נִתְכַּוֵּן לְרַבּוֹת, אֲפִלּוּ קֹרְטוֹב בְּכָל הַשָּׁנָה, מִצְטָרְפִין לִשְׁלשָׁה לֻגִּין:

[If the three logs of drawn water fell in] from one vessel or from two or from three, they combine together; but if from four, they do not combine together. If a man who had a seminal issue was sick and nine kavs of water fell on him, or if there fell on the head and the greater part of the body of a clean person three logs of drawn water from one vessel or from two or from three, they combine together; but if from four, they do not combine together. In what case does this apply? When the second began before the first finished. And in what case does [the other statement] apply? When there was no intention to increase it. But if there was an intention to increase it, if only a kortov in a whole year, they combine together to add up to the three logs.

Mishnah Mikvaot 3:4 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַחוֹטֵט בְּצִנּוֹר לְקַבֵּל צְרוֹרוֹת, בְּשֶׁל עֵץ, כָּל שֶׁהוּא. וּבְשֶׁל חֶרֶס, רְבִיעִית. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אַף בְּשֶׁל חֶרֶס, כָּל שֶׁהוּא. לֹא אָמְרוּ רְבִיעִית אֶלָּא בְשִׁבְרֵי כְלֵי חֶרֶס. הָיוּ צְרוֹרוֹת מִתְחַלְחֲלִים בְּתוֹכוֹ, פּוֹסְלִים אֶת הַמִּקְוֶה. יָרַד לְתוֹכוֹ עָפָר וְנִכְבַּשׁ, כָּשֵׁר. סִלּוֹן שֶׁהוּא צַר מִכָּאן וּמִכָּאן וְרָחָב מִן הָאֶמְצַע, אֵינוֹ פוֹסֵל, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא נַעֲשָׂה לְקַבָּלָה:

If one makes a hollow in a water-spout to collect pebbles, its water disqualifies the mikveh; In the case of a wooden [spout] if it holds even a little, But in the case of an earthenware [spout] if it will hold a quarter-log. Rabbi Yose says: also in the case of an earthenware [spout] if it holds even a little: they have spoken of "a quarter-log" only in the case of broken sherds of an earthenware utensil. If the pieces of gravel moved about inside [the hollow], it disqualifies the mikveh. If dirt went down into it and was pressed down, [the mikveh continues to be] valid. If the spout was narrow at each end and wide in the middle, it does not disqualify [the mikveh] invalid, because it had not been made to gather anything in it.

Mishnah Mikvaot 4:3 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

מַיִם שְׁאוּבִין וּמֵי גְשָׁמִים שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבוּ בֶחָצֵר, וּבָעֻקָּה, וְעַל מַעֲלוֹת הַמְּעָרָה, אִם רֹב מִן הַכָּשֵׁר, כָּשֵׁר. וְאִם רֹב מִן הַפָּסוּל, פָּסוּל. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה, פָּסוּל. אֵימָתַי, בִּזְמַן שֶׁמִּתְעָרְבִין עַד שֶׁלֹּא יַגִּיעוּ לַמִּקְוֶה. הָיוּ מְקַלְּחִין בְּתוֹךְ הַמַּיִם, אִם יָדוּעַ שֶׁנָּפַל לְתוֹכוֹ אַרְבָּעִים סְאָה מַיִם כְּשֵׁרִים, עַד שֶׁלֹּא יָרַד לְתוֹכוֹ שְׁלשָׁה לֻגִּין מַיִם שְׁאוּבִין, כָּשֵׁר. וְאִם לָאו, פָּסוּל:

Drawn water and rain water which were mixed together in a courtyard or in a cavity or on the steps of a cave: If the greater part was valid, the whole is valid; And if the greater part is invalid, the whole is invalid. If they were equal in quantity, the whole is invalid. When [does this apply]? When they were mingled together before they arrived at the mikveh. If [the drawn water] flowed into the [rain] water: it was known that there fell in forty seahs of valid water before there came in three logs of drawn water, [the mikveh is] valid; otherwise it is invalid.

Mishnah Mikvaot 4:4 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַשֹּׁקֶת שֶׁבַּסֶּלַע, אֵין מְמַלְּאִין מִמֶּנָּה, וְאֵין מְקַדְּשִׁין בָּהּ, וְאֵין מַזִּין מִמֶּנָּה, וְאֵינָהּ צְרִיכָה צָמִיד פָּתִיל, וְאֵינָהּ פּוֹסֶלֶת אֶת הַמִּקְוֶה. הָיְתָה כְלִי וְחִבְּרָהּ בְּסִיד, מְמַלְּאִין בָּהּ, וּמְקַדְּשִׁין בָּהּ, וּמַזִּין מִמֶּנָּה, וּצְרִיכָה צָמִיד פָּתִיל, וּפוֹסֶלֶת אֶת הַמִּקְוֶה. נִקְּבָה מִלְּמַטָּה אוֹ מִן הַצַּד וְאֵינָהּ יְכוֹלָה לְקַבֵּל מַיִם כָּל שֶׁהֵם, כְּשֵׁרָה. וְכַמָּה יִהְיֶה בַנֶּקֶב. כִּשְׁפוֹפֶרֶת הַנּוֹד. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בֶּן בְּתֵירָא, מַעֲשֶׂה בְשֹׁקֶת יֵהוּא שֶׁהָיְתָה בִירוּשָׁלַיִם, וְהָיְתָה נְקוּבָה כִשְׁפוֹפֶרֶת הַנּוֹד, וְהָיוּ כָל הַטָּהֳרוֹת שֶׁבִּירוּשָׁלַיִם נַעֲשׂוֹת עַל גַּבָּהּ, וְשָׁלְחוּ בֵית שַׁמַּאי וּפְחָתוּהָ, שֶׁבֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, עַד שֶׁיִּפְחֲתוּ רֻבָּהּ:

In the case of a trough in a rock: One may not fill up [the hatat waters] from it, nor may the [hatat waters] be consecrated in it, nor may one sprinkle from it. And it does not require a tightly stopped-up covering, And it does not invalidate the mikveh. If it was a vessel and had been joined to the ground with lime: One may fill up the hatat waters from it and the hatat waters may be consecrated in it, and one may sprinkle from it, And it requires a tightly stopped-up covering; And it invalidates the mikveh invalid. If a hole was made in it below or at the side so that it could not contain water in however small a quantity, it is valid. And how large must the hole be? Like the tube of a water-skin. Rabbi Yehudah ben Batera said: it happened in the case of the trough of Yehu in Jerusalem that there was a hole in it like the tube of a water-skin, all the pure things in Jerusalem were made using it. But Bet Shammai sent and broke it down, for Bet Shammai say: [it remains a vessel] unless the greater part of it is broken down.

Mishnah Mikvaot 4:5 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

מַעְיָן שֶׁהֶעֱבִירוֹ עַל גַּבֵּי הַשֹּׁקֶת, פָּסוּל. הֶעֱבִירוֹ עַל גַּבֵּי שָׂפָה כָל שֶׁהוּא, כָּשֵׁר חוּצָה לָהּ, שֶׁהַמַּעְיָן מְטַהֵר בְּכָל שֶׁהוּא. הֶעֱבִירוֹ עַל גַּבֵּי בְרֵכָה וְהִפְסִיקוֹ, הֲרֵי הוּא כְמִקְוֶה. חָזַר וְהִמְשִׁיכוֹ, פָּסוּל לַזָּבִים וְלַמְצֹרָעִים וּלְקַדֵּשׁ מֵהֶן מֵי חַטָּאת, עַד שֶׁיֵּדַע שֶׁיָּצְאוּ הָרִאשׁוֹנִים:

[Water from] a spring which is made to pass over into a trough becomes invalid. If it was made to pass over the edge in any quantity, [what is] outside [the trough] is valid, for [the water of] a spring purifies however little its quantity. If it is made to pass over into a pool and then is stopped, the pool counts as a mikveh. If it is made to flow again, it is invalid for zavim and for those with skin disease and for the preparation of the hatat waters until it is known that the former [water] is gone.

Mishnah Mikvaot 5:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַזּוֹחֲלִין, כְּמַעְיָן. וְהַנּוֹטְפִים, כְּמִקְוֶה. הֵעִיד רַבִּי צָדוֹק עַל הַזּוֹחֲלִין שֶׁרַבּוּ עַל הַנּוֹטְפִים, שֶׁהֵם כְּשֵׁרִים. וְנוֹטְפִים שֶׁעֲשָׂאָן זוֹחֲלִין, סוֹמֵךְ אֲפִלּוּ מַקֵּל, אֲפִלּוּ קָנֶה, אֲפִלּוּ זָב וְזָבָה, יוֹרֵד וְטוֹבֵל, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, כָּל דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא מְקַבֵּל טֻמְאָה, אֵין מַזְחִילִין בּוֹ:

Flowing water is considered like a spring and dripping water is considered like a mikveh. Rabbi Zadok testified that if flowing water exceeded dripping water [with which it was mixed] it was valid [as flowing water]. If dripping water became flowing water, its flow may be blocked by a stick or by a reed or even by a zav or a zavah, and then one may go down and immerse oneself in it, the words of Rabbi Judah. Rabbi Yose says: one may not stop the flow of water with anything which is liable to uncleanness.

Mishnah Mikvaot 5:5 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

גַּל שֶׁנִּתְלַשׁ וּבוֹ אַרְבָּעִים סְאָה, וְנָפַל עַל הָאָדָם וְעַל הַכֵּלִים, טְהוֹרִים. כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ אַרְבָּעִים סְאָה, טוֹבְלִין וּמַטְבִּילִין. מַטְבִּילִין בַּחֲרִיצִין וּבִנְעָצִים וּבְפַרְסַת הַחֲמוֹר הַמְעֹרֶבֶת בַּבִּקְעָה. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, מַטְבִּילִין בְּחַרְדָּלִית. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֵין מַטְבִּילִין. וּמוֹדִים שֶׁהוּא גוֹדֵר כֵּלִים וְטוֹבֵל בָּהֶם. וְכֵלִים שֶׁגָּדַר בָּהֶם, לֹא הֻטְבְּלוּ:

If a wave was separated [from the sea] and was forty seahs, and it fell on a man or on vessels, they become clean. Any place containing forty seahs is valid for immersing oneself and for immersing other things. One may immerse in trenches or in ditches or even in a donkey-track whose water is connected in a valley. Bet Shammai say: one may immerse in a rain torrent. But Bet Hillel say: one may not immerse. They agree that one may block its flow with vessels and immerse oneself in it, but the vessels with which the flow is blocked are not thereby [validly] immersed.

Mishnah Mikvaot 5:6 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַשִּׁדָּה וְהַתֵּבָה שֶׁבַּיָּם, אֵין מַטְבִּילִין בָּהֶם, אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן הָיוּ נְקוּבִין כִּשְׁפוֹפֶרֶת הַנּוֹד. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, בִּכְלִי גָדוֹל, אַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים. וּבְקָטָן, רֻבּוֹ. אִם הָיָה שַׂק אוֹ קֻפָּה, מַטְבִּילִין בָּהֶם כְּמָה שֶׁהֵם, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהַמַּיִם מְעֹרָבִין. הָיוּ נְתוּנִים תַּחַת הַצִּנּוֹר, אֵינָם פּוֹסְלִים אֶת הַמִּקְוֶה, אֶלָּא מַטְבִּילִין אוֹתָן וּמַעֲלִין אוֹתָן כְּדַרְכָּן:

A chest or a box which is in the sea: one may not immerse in them unless they have a hole as large as the tube of a water-skin. Rabbi Judah says: in the case of a large vessel [the hole should be] four handbreadths, and in a small one [the hole should be as large as] the greater part of it. If there was a sack or a basket [in the sea], one may immerse in them as they are, since the water is mixed together. If they are placed under a water-spout, they do not make the mikveh invalid. And they may be immersed and brought up in the ordinary way.

Mishnah Mikvaot 6:5 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

עֵרוּב מִקְוָאוֹת, כִּשְׁפוֹפֶרֶת הַנּוֹד, כְּעָבְיָהּ וְכַחֲלָלָהּ, כִּשְׁתֵּי אֶצְבָּעוֹת חוֹזְרוֹת לִמְקוֹמָן. סָפֵק כִּשְׁפוֹפֶרֶת הַנּוֹד, סָפֵק שֶׁאֵינָהּ כִּשְׁפוֹפֶרֶת הַנּוֹד, פְּסוּלָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא מִן הַתּוֹרָה. וְכֵן כַּזַּיִת מִן הַמֵּת וְכַזַּיִת מִן הַנְּבֵלָה וְכָעֲדָשָׁה מִן הַשֶּׁרֶץ. כֹּל שֶׁיַּעֲמֹד כִּשְׁפוֹפֶרֶת הַנּוֹד, מְמַעֲטָהּ. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, כֹּל שֶׁהוּא מִבְּרִיַּת הַמַּיִם, טָהוֹר:

Mikvaot can be joined together [if their connection is as big] as the tube of a water-skin in thickness and in space, in which two fingers can be fully turned round. If there is a doubt [whether it is as big] as the tube of a water skin or not, it is invalid, because [this is a mitzvah] from the Torah. The same applies also to the olive's bulk of a corpse and the olive's bulk of carrion and the lentil's bulk of a sheretz. Anything which remains in [the space measuring] the tube of a water-skin lessens [its measure]. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: if it is any water creature whatsoever, [the mikvaot] remain clean.

Mishnah Mikvaot 6:7 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

מְטַהֲרִים אֶת הַמִּקְוָאוֹת, הָעֶלְיוֹן מִן הַתַּחְתּוֹן, וְהָרָחוֹק מִן הַקָּרוֹב. כֵּיצַד. מֵבִיא סִלּוֹן שֶׁל חֶרֶס אוֹ שֶׁל אֲבָר, וּמַנִּיחַ יָדוֹ תַּחְתָּיו, עַד שֶׁהוּא מִתְמַלֵּא מַיִם, וּמוֹשְׁכוֹ וּמַשִּׁיקוֹ, אֲפִלּוּ כַשַּׂעֲרָה, דַּיּוֹ. הָיָה בָעֶלְיוֹן אַרְבָּעִים סְאָה וּבַתַּחְתּוֹן אֵין כְּלוּם, מְמַלֵּא בַכָּתֵף וְנוֹתֵן לָעֶלְיוֹן, עַד שֶׁיֵּרְדוּ לַתַּחְתּוֹן אַרְבָּעִים סְאָה:

Mikvaot may be made clean [by joining drawn water from] a higher [mikveh to valid water] from a lower [mikveh or drawn water from] a distant [mikveh to valid water] in a [mikveh] near at hand. How so? One brings a pipe of earthenware or of lead and puts his hand beneath it till it is filled with water; then he draws it along till [the two waters] touch even if it be by a hair's breadth it is sufficient. If in the higher [mikveh] there were forty seahs and nothing in the lower, one may draw water and carry it on the shoulder and place it in the higher [mikveh] till forty seahs have flowed down into the lower [mikveh].

Mishnah Mikvaot 6:8 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

יֵשׁ מַעֲלִין אֶת הַמִּקְוֶה וְלֹא פוֹסְלִין, פּוֹסְלִין וְלֹא מַעֲלִין, לֹא מַעֲלִין וְלֹא פוֹסְלִין. אֵלּוּ מַעֲלִין וְלֹא פוֹסְלִין, הַשֶּׁלֶג, וְהַבָּרָד, וְהַכְּפוֹר, וְהַגְּלִיד, וְהַמֶּלַח, וְהַטִּיט הַנָּרוֹק. אָמַר רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, הָיָה רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל דָּן כְּנֶגְדִּי לוֹמַר, הַשֶּׁלֶג אֵינוֹ מַעֲלֶה אֶת הַמִּקְוֶה. וְהֵעִידוּ אַנְשֵׁי מֵידְבָא מִשְּׁמוֹ שֶׁאָמַר לָהֶם, צְאוּ וְהָבִיאוּ שֶׁלֶג וַעֲשׂוּ מִקְוֶה בַּתְּחִלָּה. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי אוֹמֵר, אֶבֶן הַבָּרָד, כַּמָּיִם. כֵּיצַד מַעֲלִין וְלֹא פוֹסְלִין. מִקְוֶה שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ אַרְבָּעִים סְאָה חָסֵר אַחַת, נָפַל מֵהֶם סְאָה לְתוֹכוֹ וְהֶעֱלָהוּ, נִמְצְאוּ מַעֲלִין וְלֹא פוֹסְלִין:

Some materials raise the mikveh up [to the required quantity] and do not make it invalid. Some make it invalid and do not raise it up [to the required quantity]; And some neither raise it up [to the required quantity] nor make it invalid. These raise it up to the required quantity and do not make the mikveh invalid. Snow, hail, frosted dew, ice, salt, and thin mud. Rabbi Akiva said: Rabbi Ishmael once argued against me saying; snow does not raise up the mikveh [to its required quantity]. But the men of Madeba testified in his name that he had once told them: go and bring snow and with it prepare a mikveh from the outset. Rabbi Yohanan ben Nuri says: hailstones are like drawn water. How do they raise it up [to the required quantity] and not render it invalid? If the mikveh contained forty seahs less one, and a se'ah of them fell in and made up [the required quantity], they thus make up [the required quantity] but do not render it invalid.

Mishnah Mikvaot 7:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

אֵלּוּ פוֹסְלִין וְלֹא מַעֲלִין, הַמַּיִם, בֵּין טְמֵאִים בֵּין טְהוֹרִים, וּמֵי כְבָשִׁים וּמֵי שְׁלָקוֹת, וְהַתֶּמֶד עַד שֶׁלֹּא הֶחֱמִיץ. כֵּיצַד פּוֹסְלִין וְלֹא מַעֲלִין. מִקְוֶה שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ אַרְבָּעִים סְאָה חָסֵר קֹרְטוֹב, וְנָפַל מֵהֶן קֹרְטוֹב לְתוֹכוֹ, לֹא הֶעֱלָהוּ, פּוֹסְלוֹ בִשְׁלשָׁה לֻגִּין. אֲבָל שְׁאָר הַמַּשְׁקִין, וּמֵי פֵרוֹת, וְהַצִּיר, וְהַמֻּרְיָס, וְהַתֶּמֶד מִשֶּׁהֶחֱמִיץ, פְּעָמִים מַעֲלִין וּפְעָמִים שֶׁאֵינָן מַעֲלִין. כֵּיצַד. מִקְוֶה שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ אַרְבָּעִים סְאָה חָסֵר אַחַת, נָפַל לְתוֹכוֹ סְאָה מֵהֶם, לֹא הֶעֱלָהוּ. הָיוּ בוֹ אַרְבָּעִים סְאָה, נָתַן סְאָה וְנָטַל סְאָה, הֲרֵי זֶה כָשֵׁר:

These invalidate the mikveh and do not raise it up to [the required quantity]: Drawn water, whether clean or unclean, water that has been used for pickling or for boiling, and grape-skin wine before it becomes vinegar. How do they make the mikveh invalid and do not raise it up [the required quantity]? If a mikveh contained forty seahs less a kortov, and a kortov of these fell into it, it does not raise it up [the required quantity]; And if there were three logs of any of these, they would invalidate the mikveh. But other liquids, and the juice of fruits, brine, and liquid in which fish has been pickled, and grape-skin wine that has fermented sometimes raise it up to [the required quantity] and sometimes do not raise it up. How so? If a mikveh contained forty seahs less one, and a seah of any of these fell in it, it does not raise it up to [the required quantity]. But if the mikveh contained forty seahs and a se'ah of any of these was put in and one seah was removed, the mikveh is still valid.

Mishnah Mikvaot 7:2 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הִטְבִּיל בּוֹ אֶת הַמִּטָּה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁרַגְלֶיהָ שׁוֹקְעוֹת בַּטִּיט הֶעָבֶה, טְהוֹרָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהַמַּיִם מְקַדְּמִין. מִקְוֶה שֶׁמֵּימָיו מְרֻדָּדִין, כּוֹבֵשׁ אֲפִלּוּ חֲבִילֵי עֵצִים, אֲפִלּוּ חֲבִילֵי קָנִים, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּתְפְּחוּ הַמַּיִם, וְיוֹרֵד וְטוֹבֵל. מַחַט שֶׁהִיא נְתוּנָה עַל מַעֲלוֹת הַמְּעָרָה, הָיָה מוֹלִיךְ וּמֵבִיא בַמַּיִם, כֵּיוָן שֶׁעָבַר עָלֶיהָ הַגַּל, טְהוֹרָה:

If he immersed a bed in it, even though its legs sink into the thick mud, it still becomes clean because the water touched them before [the mud]. The water of a mikveh which is shallow, one may press down even bundles of sticks, even bundles of reeds, so that the level of the water may rise, and then go down and immerse oneself. If an [unclean] needle is placed on the step [leading down to a mikveh] in a cavern, and the water is put in motion, once a wave has passed over it, [the needle] becomes clean.

Mishnah Mikvaot 7:7 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל טְהוֹרָה, וּמִקְוְאוֹתֶיהָ טְהוֹרִים. מִקְוְאוֹת הָעַמִּים שֶׁבְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ, כְּשֵׁרִים לְבַעֲלֵי קְרָיִין, אֲפִלּוּ נִתְמַלְּאוּ בְקִילוֹן. שֶׁבְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁחוּץ לַמַּפְתֵּחַ, כְּשֵׁרִים אַף לְנִדּוֹת. מִלִּפְנִים מִן הַמַּפְתֵּחַ, כְּשֵׁרִים לְבַעֲלֵי קְרָיִין, וּפְסוּלִים לְכָל הַטְּמֵאִים. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, הַקְּרוֹבִים לָעִיר וְלַדֶּרֶךְ, טְמֵאִים, מִפְּנֵי הַכְּבִיסָה. וְהָרְחוֹקִים, טְהוֹרִים:

The land of Israel is clean and its mikvaot are clean. The mikvaot of the nations outside the land are valid for those who had a seminal emission even though they have been filled by a pump-beam; Those in the land of Israel: when outside the entrance [to the city] are valid even for menstruants, and those within the entrance [to the city] are valid for those who had a seminal emission but invalid for all [others] who are unclean. Rabbi Eliezer says: those which are near to a city or to a road are unclean because of laundering; but those at a distance are clean.

Mishnah Mikvaot 8:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

נָכְרִית שֶׁפָּלְטָה שִׁכְבַת זֶרַע מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל, טְמֵאָה. בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁפָּלְטָה שִׁכְבַת זֶרַע מִנָּכְרִי, טְהוֹרָה. הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁשִּׁמְּשָׁה בֵיתָהּ, וְיָרְדָה וְטָבְלָה, וְלֹא כִבְּדָה אֶת הַבַּיִת, כְּאִלּוּ לֹא טָבְלָה. בַּעַל קֶרִי שֶׁטָּבַל וְלֹא הֵטִיל אֶת הַמַּיִם, כְּשֶׁיָטִיל אֶת הַמַּיִם, טָמֵא. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, בְּחוֹלֶה וּבְזָקֵן, טָמֵא. בְּיֶלֶד וּבְבָרִיא, טָהוֹר:

If a non-Jewish woman discharged semen from an Israelite, it is unclean. If an Israelite woman discharged semen from a non-Jewish man, it is clean. If a woman had intercourse and then went down and immersed herself but did not sweep out the house, it is as though she had not immersed herself. If a man who had a seminal emission immersed himself but did not first pass urine, he again becomes unclean when he passes urine. Rabbi Yose says: if he was sick or old he is unclean, but if he was young and healthy he remains clean.

Mishnah Mikvaot 8:4 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

נִדָּה שֶׁנָּתְנָה מָעוֹת בְּפִיהָ וְיָרְדָה וְטָבְלָה, טְהוֹרָה מִטֻּמְאָתָהּ, אֲבָל טְמֵאָה הִיא עַל גַּב רֻקָּהּ. נָתְנָה שְׂעָרָהּ בְּפִיהָ, קָפְצָה יָדָהּ, קָרְצָה שִׂפְתוֹתֶיהָ, כְּאִלּוּ לֹא טָבְלָה. הָאוֹחֵז בְּאָדָם וּבְכֵלִים וּמַטְבִּילָן, טְמֵאִין. וְאִם הֵדִיחַ אֶת יָדוֹ בַּמַּיִם, טְהוֹרִים. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, יְרַפֶּה, כְּדֵי שֶׁיָּבֹאוּ בָהֶם מָיִם. בֵּית הַסְּתָרִים, בֵּית הַקְּמָטִים, אֵינָן צְרִיכִין שֶׁיָּבֹאוּ בָהֶן מָיִם:

If a menstruant placed coins in her mouth and went down and immersed herself, she becomes clean from her [former] uncleanness, but she becomes unclean on account of her spittle. If she put her hair in her mouth or closed her hand or pressed her lips tightly, it is as though she had not immersed herself. If a person held on to another man or to vessels and immersed them, they remain unclean; but if he had washed his hand before in the water, they become clean. Rabbi Shimon says: he should hold them loosely that water may enter into them. The hidden or wrinkled parts of the body do not need that water should enter into them.

Mishnah Mikvaot 8:5 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

קִלְקֵי הַלֵּב וְהַזָּקָן, וּבֵית הַסְּתָרִים בָּאִשָּׁה, לִפְלוּף שֶׁחוּץ לָעַיִן, וְגֶלֶד שֶׁחוּץ לַמַּכָּה, וְהָרְטִיָּה שֶׁעָלֶיהָ, וּשְׂרָף הַיָּבֵשׁ, וְגִלְדֵי צוֹאָה שֶׁעַל בְּשָׂרוֹ, וּבָצֵק שֶׁתַּחַת הַצִּפֹּרֶן, וְהַמִּלְמוּלִין, וְטִיט הַיָּוֵן, וְטִיט הַיּוֹצְרִים, וְגֵץ יְוֵנִי. אֵיזֶהוּ טִיט הַיָּוֵן, זֶה טִיט הַבּוֹרוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים מ), וַיַּעֲלֵנִי מִבּוֹר שָׁאוֹן מִטִּיט הַיָּוֵן. טִיט הַיּוֹצְרִין, כְּמַשְׁמָעוֹ. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי מְטַהֵר בְּשֶׁל יוֹצְרִין וּמְטַמֵּא בְּשֶׁל מָרֵקָה. וְגֵץ יְוֵנִי, אֵלּוּ יִתְדוֹת הַדְּרָכִים, שֶׁאֵין טוֹבְלִין בָּהֶן וְלֹא מַטְבִּילִין אוֹתָן. וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַטִּיט, מַטְבִּילִין בּוֹ כְּשֶׁהוּא לַח. וְלֹא יִטְבֹּל בָּאָבָק שֶׁעַל רַגְלָיו. לֹא יִטְבֹּל אֶת הַקֻּמְקְמוּס בַּפֶּחָמִין, אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן שִׁפְשֵׁף:

The matted hair on the heart and on the beard and on a woman's hidden parts; pus outside the eye, hardened pus outside a wound and the plaster over it, dried-up juice, clots of excrement on the body, dough under the finger nails, sweat-crumbs, miry clay, potter's clay, and road-clay. What is meant by 'miry clay’? This means the clay in pits, for it is written: "He lifted me out of the miry pit, the slimy clay" (Psalms 40:3). "Potter's clay" according to its literal sense. Rabbi Yose declares potter's clay clean, but clay for putty unclean. And "road-clay." These become like road-side pegs in these [kinds of clay] one may not immerse oneself nor immerse [other things] with them; But in all other clay one may immerse when it is wet. One may not immerse oneself with dust [still] on one's feet. One may not immerse a kettle with soot [on it] unless he scraped it.

Mishnah Mikvaot 9:2 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

לִפְלוּף שֶׁבָּעַיִן, וְגֶלֶד שֶׁעַל הַמַּכָּה, וּשְׂרָף הַלַּח, וְלִכְלוּכֵי צוֹאָה שֶׁעַל בְּשָׂרוֹ, וְצוֹאָה שֶׁתַּחַת הַצִּפֹּרֶן, וְצִפֹּרֶן הַמְדֻלְדֶּלֶת, כְּשׁוּת שֶׁל קָטָן, לֹא טָמֵא וְלֹא מְטַמֵּא. קְרוּם שֶׁעַל הַמַּכָּה, טָמֵא וּמְטַמֵּא:

Pus within the eye, hardened pus within a wound, juice that is moist, moist excrement on the body, excrement inside the finger nail, and a dangling finger nail and the downy hair of a child. [These] are not liable to uncleanness and do not cause uncleanness. The membrane which forms over a wound is liable to uncleanness and causes uncleanness.

Mishnah Mikvaot 9:4 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

אֵלּוּ חוֹצְצִים בַּכֵּלִים. הַזֶּפֶת וְהַמּוֹר בִּכְלֵי זְכוּכִית, בֵּין מִבִּפְנִים בֵּין מִבַּחוּץ. עַל הַשֻּׁלְחָן וְעַל הַטַּבְלָה וְעַל הַדַּרְגָּשׁ, עַל הַנְּקִיִּים, חוֹצְצִין. עַל הַבְּלוּסִין, אֵינָן חוֹצְצִין. עַל מִטּוֹת בַּעַל הַבַּיִת, חוֹצֵץ. וְעַל שֶׁל עָנִי, אֵינוֹ חוֹצֵץ. עַל אִכּוּף שֶׁל בַּעַל הַבַּיִת, חוֹצֵץ. וְעַל שֶׁל זַקָּקִין, אֵינוֹ חוֹצֵץ. וְעַל הַמַּרְדַּעַת, חוֹצֵץ. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, עַד כְּאִסָּר הָאִיטַלְקִי:

In the case of vessels the following block: pitch and myrrh; In the case of glass vessels, whether inside or outside; On a table or on a board or on a couch; On those that are [usually] kept clean they block; On those that are allowed to remain dirty they do not block. They block in the case of beds belonging to householders, but they do not block on beds belonging to a poor person. They block on the saddle of a house-holder, but they do not block on the saddle of a dealer in water-skins. They block in the case of a pack-saddle. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: [only if the stain is as big] as an Italian issar.

Mishnah Mikvaot 9:5 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

כָּל יְדוֹת הַכֵּלִים שֶׁהִכְנִיסָן שֶׁלֹּא כְדַרְכָּן, אוֹ שֶׁהִכְנִיסָן כְּדַרְכָּן וְלֹא מֵרְקָן, אוֹ שֶׁמֵּרְקָן וְנִשְׁבְּרוּ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ חוֹצְצִין. כְּלִי שֶׁהִטְבִּילוֹ דֶּרֶךְ פִּיו, כְּאִלּוּ לֹא טָבָל. הִטְבִּילוֹ כְדַרְכּוֹ בְלֹא זִבּוֹרִית, עַד שֶׁיַּטֶּנּוּ עַל צִדּוֹ. כְּלִי שֶׁהוּא צַר מִכָּאן וּמִכָּאן וְרָחָב מִן הָאֶמְצַע, אֵינוֹ טָהוֹר עַד שֶׁיַּטֶּנּוּ עַל צִדּוֹ. צְלוֹחִית שֶׁפִּיהָ שׁוֹקֵעַ, אֵינָהּ טְהוֹרָה עַד שֶׁיְּנַקְּבֶנָּה מִצִּדָּהּ. קַלְמָרִין הֶדְיוֹטוֹת, אֵינָהּ טְהוֹרָה עַד שֶׁיְּנַקְּבֶנָּה מִצִּדָּהּ. וְקַלְמָרִין שֶׁל יוֹסֵף הַכֹּהֵן הָיְתָה נְקוּבָה בְצִדָּהּ:

Any handles of vessels which have been fixed not in their usual manner, or, if fixed in their usual manner, have not been fixed firmly, or, if fixed firmly, have been broken, they block. If a vessel was immersed with its mouth downwards, it is as though it had not been immersed. If immersed in the regular manner but without the attachment, [it becomes clean] only if turned on its side. If a vessel is narrow at each end and broad in the center, it becomes clean only if turned on its side. A flask which has its mouth turned inwards becomes clean only if a hole is made at the side. An inkpot of laymen becomes clean only if a hole is made at the side. The inkpot of Joseph the priest had a hole at its side.

Mishnah Mikvaot 10:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אֵין מַטְבִּילִין חַמִּין בְּצוֹנֵן וְלֹא צוֹנֵן בְּחַמִּין, לֹא יָפִים בְּרָעִים וְלֹא רָעִים בְּיָפִים. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, מַטְבִּילִין. כְּלִי שֶׁהוּא מָלֵא מַשְׁקִין וְהִטְבִּילוֹ, כְּאִלּוּ לֹא טָבָל. מָלֵא מֵי רַגְלַיִם, רוֹאִים אוֹתָם כְּאִלּוּ הֵם מָיִם. מָלֵא מֵי חַטָּאת, עַד שֶׁיִּרְבּוּ הַמַּיִם עַל מֵי חַטָּאת. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ כְלִי מַחֲזִיק כּוֹר וְאֵין בּוֹ אֶלָּא רְבִיעִית, כְּאִלּוּ לֹא טָבָל:

Bet Shammai say: hot water may not be immersed in cold, or cold in hot, foul in fresh or fresh in foul. But Bet Hillel say: it may be immersed. A vessel full of liquids which one immersed, it is as if it has not been immersed. If it was full of urine, this is reckoned as water. If it contained hatat waters, [it is unclean] unless the water [of the mikveh which enters the vessel] exceeds the hatat waters. Rabbi Yose says: even if a vessel with the capacity of a kor contains but a quarter-log, it is as if it had not been immersed.

Mishnah Mikvaot 10:6 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

אָכַל אֳכָלִים טְמֵאִים, וְשָׁתָה מַשְׁקִים טְמֵאִים, טָבַל וֶהֱקִיאָן, טְמֵאִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵינָן טְהוֹרִים בַּגּוּף. שָׁתָה מַיִם טְמֵאִים, טָבַל וֶהֱקִיאָם, טְהוֹרִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵם טְהוֹרִים בַּגּוּף. בָּלַע טַבַּעַת טְהוֹרָה, נִכְנַס לְאֹהֶל הַמֵּת, הִזָּה וְשָׁנָה וְטָבַל וֶהֱקִיאָהּ, הֲרֵי הִיא כְמוֹת שֶׁהָיְתָה. בָּלַע טַבַּעַת טְמֵאָה, טוֹבֵל וְאוֹכֵל בַּתְּרוּמָה. הֱקִיאָהּ, טְמֵאָה וְטִמְּאַתּוּ. חֵץ שֶׁהוּא תָחוּב בָּאָדָם, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא נִרְאֶה, חוֹצֵץ. וְאִם אֵינוֹ נִרְאֶה, טוֹבֵל וְאוֹכֵל בִּתְרוּמָתוֹ:

If one ate unclean foods or drank unclean liquids and then he immersed and then vomited them up, they are still unclean because they did not become clean in the body. If one drank unclean water and immersed and then vomited it up, it is clean because it became clean in the body. If one swallowed a clean ring and then went into the tent of a corpse, if he sprinkled himself once and twice and immersed himself and then vomited it up, behold, it remains as it was before. If one swallowed an unclean ring, he may immerse himself and eat terumah. If he vomited it up, it is unclean and it renders him unclean. If an arrow was stuck into a man, it blocks so long as it is visible. But if it is not visible, he may immerse himself and eat terumah.

Mishnah Mikvaot 10:8 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp