Mishnah Orlah

עֵת שֶׁבָּאוּ אֲבוֹתֵינוּ לָאָרֶץ, מָצְאוּ נָטוּעַ, פָּטוּר. נָטְעוּ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא כִבְּשׁוּ, חַיָּב. הַנּוֹטֵעַ לָרַבִּים, חַיָּב. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה פּוֹטֵר. הַנּוֹטֵעַ בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, וְהַנָּכְרִי שֶׁנָּטַע, וְהַגַּזְלָן שֶׁנָּטַע, וְהַנּוֹטֵעַ בִּסְפִינָה, וְהָעוֹלֶה מֵאֵלָיו, חַיָּב בָּעָרְלָה:

If at the time when our ancestors came into the land and they found [a tree already] planted it was exempt [from the laws of orlah]. If they planted [a tree], even though they had not yet conquered [the land], it was subject [to orlah]. If one planted a tree for [the use of] the many, it is subject. But Rabbi Judah makes it exempt. If one has planted [a tree] in the public domain, or if a non-Jew has planted, or if a robber has planted, or one who plants on a boat, or [a tree] that has grown of itself, it is subject to orlah.

Mishnah Orlah 1:2 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

אִילָן שֶׁנֶּעֱקַר וּבוֹ בְרֵכָה, וְהוּא חָיֶּה מִמֶּנָּה, חָזְרָה הַזְּקֵנָה לִהְיוֹת כַּבְּרֵכָה. הִבְרִיכָהּ שָׁנָה אַחַר שָׁנָה, וְנִפְסְקָה, מוֹנֶה מִשָּׁעָה שֶׁנִּפְסְקָה. סִפּוּק הַגְּפָנִים, וְסִפּוּק עַל גַּבֵּי סִפּוּק, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהִבְרִיכָן בָּאָרֶץ, מֻתָּר. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, מָקוֹם שֶׁכֹּחָהּ יָפֶה, מֻתָּר, וְמָקוֹם שֶׁכֹּחָהּ רָע, אָסוּר. וְכֵן בְּרֵכָה שֶׁנִּפְסְקָה וְהִיא מְלֵאָה פֵרוֹת, אִם הוֹסִיף בְּמָאתַיִם, אָסוּר:

A tree which was uprooted and it has a bent-down [and rooted] shoot, and it [the tree] derives sustenance from it [the shoot], the old [tree] is [considered] like the shoot. If one bends [and roots] from it year after year, and it became detached, one counts from the time it became detached. A grafted shoot of vines, and a grafted shoot [growing] on another grafted shoot, even if he rooted them in the soil, they are permitted. Rabbi Meir said: in an instance where it is strongly [grafted], it is permitted, but in an instance where it is poorly [grafted], it is prohibited. A bent-down [and rooted] shoot that has become detached and is full of fruit, [then] if it increased one two hundredth, it is prohibited.

Mishnah Orlah 1:5 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הֶעָלִים, וְהַלּוּלָבִים, וּמֵי גְּפָנִים, וּסְמָדַר, מֻתָּרִים בָּעָרְלָה וּבָרְבָעִי וּבַנָּזִיר, וַאֲסוּרִים בָּאֲשֵׁרָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, הַסְּמָדַר אָסוּר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא פְּרִי. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, הַמַּעֲמִיד בִּשְׂרָף הָעָרְלָה, אָסוּר. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, שָׁמַעְתִּי בְּפֵרוּשׁ, שֶׁהַמַּעֲמִיד בִּשְׂרָף הֶעָלִים וּבִשְׂרָף הָעִקָּרִים, מֻתָּר, בִּשְׂרָף הַפַּגִּים, אָסוּר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵם פְּרִי:

Leaves, sprouts, sap of vines, and vine-buds are permitted in respect of orlah and the laws of the fourth year, and to a nazirite, but are prohibited if they come from an Asherah [tree]. Rabbi Yose says: vine-buds are prohibited because they are fruit. Rabbi Eliezer said: if one curdles [milk] with the resinous substances of [a tree liable to] orlah, it is prohibited. Rabbi Joshua said: I have received an explicit tradition that if one curdles [milk] with the resinous substance of the leaves, or with the resinous substance of the roots, it is permitted, but with the resinous substance of the unripe berries, it is prohibited, because these are fruit.

Mishnah Orlah 1:7 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַתְּרוּמָה, וּתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר שֶׁל דְּמַאי, הַחַלָּה וְהַבִּכּוּרִים, עוֹלִים בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה, וּמִצְטָרְפִין זֶה עִם זֶה, וְצָרִיךְ לְהָרִים. הָעָרְלָה וְכִלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם, עוֹלִים בְּאֶחָד וּמָאתַיִם, וּמִצְטָרְפִין זֶה עִם זֶה, וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לְהָרִים. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אֵינָן מִצְטָרְפִין. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, מִצְטָרְפִין בְּנוֹתֵן טַעַם, אֲבָל לֹא לֶאֱסֹר:

Terumah, terumat maaser of demai, hallah and bikkurim, are neutralized in a hundred-and-one mixture. And they are reckoned together [to form the statutory minimum]. And it is necessary to remove [from the mixture an amount equal to that of the consecrated produce contained in it]. Orlah and kilayim of the vineyard are neutralized in a two-hundred-and-one mixture. And they are reckoned together [to form the statutory minimum]. But it is not necessary to remove [from the mixture an amount equal to that of the consecrated produce contained in it]. Rabbi Shimon says: they are not reckoned together. Rabbi Eliezer says: they are reckoned together when they impart flavor, but not to prohibit.

Mishnah Orlah 2:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

כָּל הַמְחַמֵּץ וְהַמְתַבֵּל וְהַמְדַמֵּעַ בַּתְּרוּמָה וּבָעָרְלָה וּבְכִלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם, אָסוּר. וּבֵית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אַף מְטַמֵּא. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, לְעוֹלָם אֵינוֹ מְטַמֵּא עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא בּוֹ כַּבֵּיצָה:

Whatever causes something to ferment, or seasons, or makes medumma with terumah, with orlah or with ‘mixed-seeds’ of the vineyard, is prohibited. Bet Shammai says: it also renders unclean. But Bet Hillel says: it never renders unclean unless it has the volume of an egg.

Mishnah Orlah 2:4 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

וּלְמָה אָמְרוּ כָּל הַמְחַמֵּץ וְהַמְתַבֵּל וְהַמְדַמֵּעַ לְהַחֲמִיר, מִין בְּמִינוֹ. לְהָקֵל וּלְהַחֲמִיר, מִין בְּשֶׁאֵינוֹ מִינוֹ. כֵּיצַד, שְׂאֹר שֶׁל חִטִּים שֶׁנָּפַל לְתוֹךְ עִסַּת חִטִּים, וְיֵשׁ בּוֹ כְדֵי לְחַמֵּץ, בֵּין שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ לַעֲלוֹת בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה וּבֵין שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ לַעֲלוֹת בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה, אָסוּר. אֵין בּוֹ לַעֲלוֹת בְּמֵאָה וְאֶחָד, בֵּין שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ כְדֵי לְחַמֵּץ, בֵּין שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ כְדֵי לְחַמֵּץ, אָסוּר:

Concerning what did they say: “Anything that causes fermentation or seasons or which renders medumma we rule stringently”? [In the case of] a species [mixed] with its [like] species. [When did they say] “we rule [sometimes] leniently and [sometimes] stringently”? [In the case of] a species [mixed] with a different kind of species. How so? If leaven of wheat fell into dough of wheat and there is enough to cause fermentation, [then] whether there is enough to become neutralized in one-hundred-and-one, or there is not enough to become neutralized in one-hundred-and-one, it is prohibited. If there is not enough to become neutralized in one-hundred-and-one, [then] whether there is enough to cause fermentation, or there is not enough to cause fermentation, it is prohibited.

Mishnah Orlah 2:6 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הָאוֹרֵג מְלֹא הַסִּיט מִצֶּמֶר הַבְּכוֹר בְּבֶגֶד, יִדָּלֵק הַבֶּגֶד. וּמִשְּׂעַר הַנָּזִיר וּמִפֶּטֶר חֲמוֹר בְּשַׂק, יִדָּלֵק הַשָּׂק. וּבְמֻקְדָּשִׁין, מְקַדְּשִׁין כָּל שֶׁהֵן:

If one wove thread the whole [length] of a sit from [the wool of a] first-born animal into a garment, the garment must be burned. [If from] the hair of a nazirite or of the first-born of a donkey into sack-cloth, the sack-cloth must be burned. And if even the smallest amount [from wool or hair of] consecrated [animals], that which it is woven into] is consecrated.

Mishnah Orlah 3:3 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

שֶׁהָיָה רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אֶת שֶׁדַּרְכּוֹ לִמָּנוֹת, מְקַדֵּשׁ. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ מְקַדֵּשׁ אֶלָּא שִׁשָּׁה דְבָרִים בִּלְבָד. וְרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, שִׁבְעָה. וְאֵלּוּ הֵם, אֱגוֹזֵי פֶרֶךְ, רִמּוֹנֵי בָדָן, וְחָבִיּוֹת סְתוּמוֹת, וְחֻלְפוֹת תְּרָדִין, וְקֻלְסֵי כְרוּב, וּדְלַעַת יְוָנִית. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אַף כִּכָּרוֹת שֶׁל בַּעַל הַבָּיִת. הָרָאוּי לְעָרְלָה, עָרְלָה. לְכִלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם, כִּלְאֵי הַכָּרֶם:

For Rabbi Meir used to say: anything that is normally [sold] by counting causes [a mixture] to become consecrated [in even the smallest amount]. But the sages say only six things consecrate [a mixture in even the smallest amount], and Rabbi Akiba says seven [things]. And these are they: Nuts with soft shells; badan pomegranates; stopped-up casks; beet shoots; cabbage-heads; Greek pumpkins. Rabbi Akiba says: also loaves [baked by] a householder. To those to which orlah applies [they prohibit the mixture] as orlah, [to those of which] kilayim of the vineyard apply [they prohibit the mixture as] kilayim of the vineyard.

Mishnah Orlah 3:7 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

סְפֵק עָרְלָה, בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל אָסוּר, וּבְסוּרְיָא מֻתָּר, וּבְחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ יוֹרֵד וְלוֹקֵחַ, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִרְאֶנּוּ לוֹקֵט. כֶּרֶם נָטוּעַ יָרָק, וְיָרָק נִמְכָּר חוּצָה לוֹ, בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל אָסוּר, וּבְסוּרְיָא מֻתָּר, וּבְחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ יוֹרֵד וְלוֹקֵט, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִלְקֹט בַּיָּד. הֶחָדָשׁ, אָסוּר מִן הַתּוֹרָה בְּכָל מָקוֹם. וְהָעָרְלָה, הֲלָכָה. וְהַכִּלְאַיִם, מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים:

Doubtful orlah: in the land of Israel is prohibited, in Syria is permitted, and outside the land one may go down and purchase [from a non-Israelite] as long as he has not seen him gathering it. A vineyard planted with vegetables [which are kilayim], and they [the vegetables] are sold outside of it: in the land of Israel these are prohibited, and in Syria they are permitted; outside the land one may go down and purchase them as long as he does not gather [them] with [one’s own] hand. New [produce] is prohibited by the Torah in all places. And orlah is a halachah. And kilayim are an enactment of the scribes.

Mishnah Orlah 3:9 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp