Mishnah Tahorot

שְׁלשָׁה עָשָׂר דָּבָר בְּנִבְלַת הָעוֹף הַטָּהוֹר. צְרִיכָה מַחֲשָׁבָה, וְאֵינָהּ צְרִיכָה הֶכְשֵׁר, וּמְטַמָּא טֻמְאַת אֳכָלִין בְּכַבֵּיצָה, וְכַזַּיִת בְּבֵית הַבְּלִיעָה, וְהָאוֹכְלָהּ טָעוּן הֶעֱרֵב שֶׁמֶשׁ. וְחַיָּבִים עָלֶיהָ עַל בִּיאַת הַמִּקְדָּשׁ, וְשׂוֹרְפִין עָלֶיהָ אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה. וְהָאוֹכֵל אֵבָר מִן הַחַי מִמֶּנָּה סוֹפֵג אֶת הָאַרְבָּעִים. שְׁחִיטָתָהּ וּמְלִיקָתָהּ מְטַהֲרוֹת אֶת טְרֵפָתָהּ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אֵינָן מְטַהֲרוֹת. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, שְׁחִיטָתָהּ מְטַהֶרֶת, אֲבָל לֹא מְלִיקָתָהּ:

Thirteen rulings govern the carrion of a clean bird:There must be intention; It need not be rendered susceptible; It conveys food uncleanness if its minimum bulk is that of an egg; And it conveys uncleanness when in one's gullet if its minimum bulk is that of an olive; He that eats of it must wait until sunset [to be clean]; Guilt is incurred on account of it for entering the sanctuary; Terumah is burned on account of it; He who eats a limb of it while it is alive suffers forty lashes; Slaughtering it or nipping [off its neck] cleanses it even if it is terefah, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Judah says: they do not cleanse it. Rabbi Yose says: the slaughtering does cleanse it but nipping does not.

Mishnah Tahorot 1:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַכְּנָפַיִם וְהַנּוֹצָה, מִטַּמְּאוֹת וּמְטַמְּאוֹת וְלֹא מִצְטָרְפוֹת. רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר, הַנּוֹצָה מִצְטָרֶפֶת. הַחַרְטוֹם וְהַצִּפָּרְנַיִם מִטַּמְּאִין וּמְטַמְּאִין וּמִצְטָרְפִים. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אַף רָאשֵׁי אֲגַפַּיִם וְרֹאשׁ הַזָּנָב מִצְטָרְפִים, שֶׁכֵּן מַנִּיחִים בַּפְּטוּמוֹת:

The large feathers and the down contract uncleanness and convey uncleanness but do not combine [with the flesh to constitute the prescribed minimum]. Rabbi Ishmael says: the down does combine [with the flesh]. The beak and the claws contract uncleanness and convey uncleanness and also combine [with the flesh to constitute the prescribed minimum]. Rabbi Yose says: also the ends of the wings and the end of the tail combine [with the flesh to constitute the minimum] since they are left unplucked on fattened birds.

Mishnah Tahorot 1:2 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

נִבְלַת הָעוֹף הַטָּמֵא צְרִיכָה מַחֲשָׁבָה וְהֶכְשֵׁר, וּמְטַמְּאָה טֻמְאַת אֳכָלִין בְּכַבֵּיצָה, וְכַחֲצִי פְרָס לִפְסֹל אֶת הַגְּוִיָּה, וְאֵין בָּהּ כַּזַּיִת בְּבֵית הַבְּלִיעָה, וְהָאוֹכְלָהּ אֵין טָעוּן הֶעֱרֵב שֶׁמֶשׁ, וְאֵין חַיָּבִין עָלֶיהָ עַל בִּיאַת מִקְדָּשׁ. אֲבָל שׂוֹרְפִין עָלֶיהָ אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה, וְהָאוֹכֵל אֵבָר מִן הַחַי מִמֶּנָּה אֵינוֹ סוֹפֵג אֶת הָאַרְבָּעִים, וְאֵין שְׁחִיטָתָהּ מְטַהֲרְתָּהּ. הַכְּנָפַיִם וְהַנּוֹצָה, מִטַּמְּאוֹת וּמְטַמְּאוֹת וּמִצְטָרְפוֹת. הַחַרְטוֹם וְהַצִּפָּרְנַיִם, מִטַּמְּאִין וּמְטַמְּאִים וּמִצְטָרְפִין:

The carrion of an unclean bird requires intention; and it must be rendered susceptible; It conveys food uncleanness if its minimum bulk is that of an egg; The consumption of half a loaf's bulk of it renders one's person unfit to eat terumah; There is no rule that an olive's worth defiles in the gullet; He who eats of it need not wait for sunset; No guilt is incurred on account of it for entering the sanctuary; But on account of it terumah must be burnt. He who eats a limb of it while it is alive is not subject to the penalty of forty stripes; Slaughtering it does not render it fit. The large feathers and the down contract uncleanness and convey uncleanness and combine with the flesh to constitute the prescribed minimum. The beak and the claws contract uncleanness and convey uncleanness and combine [with the flesh to make up the prescribed minimum].

Mishnah Tahorot 1:3 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהָיְתָה כוֹבֶשֶׁת יָרָק בִּקְדֵרָה וְנָגְעָה בְעָלֶה חוּץ לַקְּדֵרָה בְמָקוֹם הַנָּגוּב, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ כַבֵּיצָה, הוּא טָמֵא וְהַכֹּל טָהוֹר. נָגְעָה בִמְקוֹם הַמַּשְׁקֶה, אִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ כַבֵּיצָה, הַכֹּל טָמֵא. אֵין בּוֹ כַבֵּיצָה, הוּא טָמֵא וְהַכֹּל טָהוֹר. חָזַר לַקְּדֵרָה, הַכֹּל טָמֵא. הָיְתָה מַגַּע טְמֵא מֵת וְנָגְעָה, בֵּין בִּמְקוֹם הַמַּשְׁקֶה בֵּין בְּמָקוֹם הַנָּגוּב, אִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ כַבֵּיצָה, הַכֹּל טָמֵא. אֵין בּוֹ כַבֵּיצָה, הוּא טָמֵא וְהַכֹּל טָהוֹר. הָיְתָה טְבוּלַת יוֹם מְנַעֶרֶת אֶת הַקְּדֵרָה בְּיָדַיִם מְסֹאָבוֹת, וְרָאֲתָה מַשְׁקִין עַל יָדֶיהָ, סָפֵק מִן הַקְּדֵרָה נִתְּזוּ, סָפֵק שֶׁהַקֶּלַח נָגַע בְּיָדֶיהָ, הַיָּרָק פָּסוּל וְהַקְּדֵרָה טְהוֹרָה:

A woman who was preserving vegetables in a pot and touched a leaf outside the pot on a dry spot, even though the leaf had an egg's bulk of volume, it alone becomes unclean while all the rest remains clean. If she touched it at a wet spot: If there was an egg's bulk in the leaf, everything becomes unclean. If there was not an egg's bulk in it, it alone becomes unclean but all the rest remains clean. If it is returned into the pot, everything becomes unclean. If the woman was unclean due to contact with one who had corpse uncleanness, and she touched the leaf either at a wet spot or at a dry spot: If there was an egg's bulk in the leaf, everything becomes unclean; If there was not an egg's bulk in it, it alone becomes unclean but all the rest remains clean. If a woman who was a tevulat yom emptied out the pot with unwashed hands, and she observed some liquid on her hands, and it is uncertain whether it was splashed from the pot or whether a stalk had touched her hands, the vegetables are invalid but the pot remains clean.

Mishnah Tahorot 2:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, הָאוֹכֵל אֹכֶל רִאשׁוֹן, רִאשׁוֹן. אֹכֶל שֵׁנִי, שֵׁנִי. אֹכֶל שְׁלִישִׁי, שְׁלִישִׁי. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, הָאוֹכֵל אֹכֶל רִאשׁוֹן וְאֹכֶל שֵׁנִי, שֵׁנִי. שְׁלִישִׁי, שֵׁנִי לַקֹּדֶשׁ וְלֹא שֵׁנִי לַתְּרוּמָה, בְּחֻלִּין שֶׁנַּעֲשׂוּ לְטָהֳרַת תְּרוּמָה:

Rabbi Eliezer says: he who eats food with first degree uncleanness contracts first decree uncleanness; [He who eats food with] second [degree uncleanness contracts] second [degree uncleanness]; With third [degree uncleanness contracts] third [degree uncleanness]. Rabbi Joshua says: he who eats food with first [degree] or with second [degree uncleanness contracts] second [degree uncleanness]; With third [degree uncleanness, he contracts] second [degree uncleanness] in regard to holy things but not in regard to terumah. All this applies to common food that was prepared in condition of cleanness that is appropriate for terumah.

Mishnah Tahorot 2:2 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הָרִאשׁוֹן שֶׁבַּחֻלִּין, טָמֵא וּמְטַמֵּא. הַשֵּׁנִי פּוֹסֵל וְלֹא מְטַמֵּא. וְהַשְּׁלִישִׁי נֶאֱכָל בִּנְזִיד הַדָּמַע:

First [degree uncleanness] in common food is unclean and conveys uncleanness; Second [degree uncleanness] invalidates but does not convey uncleanness. And third [degree uncleanness] may be eaten in a dish mixed with terumah.

Mishnah Tahorot 2:3 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הָרֹטֶב וְהַגְּרִיסִים וְהֶחָלָב, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהֵן מַשְׁקֶה טוֹפֵחַ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ תְּחִלָּה. קָרְשׁוּ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ שְׁנִיִּים. חָזְרוּ וְנִמֹּחוּ, כַּבֵּיצָה מְכֻוָּן, טָהוֹר. יוֹתֵר מִכַּבֵּיצָה, טָמֵא, שֶׁכֵּיוָן שֶׁיָּצְאָה טִפָּה הָרִאשׁוֹנָה, נִטְמֵאת בְּכַבֵּיצָה:

Sauce, bean-mash and milk, when in a condition of fluidity, are unclean in the first degree. If they turned solid they become unclean in the second degree. If they again melted: If their bulk was exactly that of an egg, they are clean. But if it was more than the bulk of an egg they remain unclean, for as soon as the first drop issued forth it became unclean by contact with an egg's bulk.

Mishnah Tahorot 3:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

טְמֵא מֵת שֶׁסָּחַט זֵיתִים וַעֲנָבִים, כַּבֵּיצָה מְכֻוָּן, טָהוֹר, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִגַּע בִּמְקוֹם הַמַּשְׁקֶה. יוֹתֵר מִכַּבֵּיצָה, טָמֵא, שֶׁכֵּיוָן שֶׁיָּצְאָה טִפָּה הָרִאשׁוֹנָה, נִטְמֵאת בְּכַבֵּיצָה. אִם הָיָה זָב אוֹ זָבָה, אֲפִלּוּ גַרְגֵּר יְחִידִי, טָמֵא, שֶׁכֵּיוָן שֶׁיָּצְאָה טִפָּה הָרִאשׁוֹנָה, נִטְמֵאת בְּמַשָּׂא. זָב שֶׁחָלַב אֶת הָעֵז, הֶחָלָב טָמֵא, שֶׁכֵּיוָן שֶׁיָּצְאָה טִפָּה הָרִאשׁוֹנָה, נִטְמֵאת בְּמַשָּׂא:

A man who had corpse uncleanness who pressed olives or grapes: If its bulk was exactly that of an egg, the juice remains clean provided he does not touch the place on which the liquid is; But [if the bulk was] more than that of an egg, the juice becomes unclean, for as soon as the first drop came out, it became unclean by contact with an egg's bulk. If the person was a zav or a zavah [the juice] becomes unclean even if only one berry [was pressed out], for as soon as the first drop came out it became unclean by carrying. If a zav milked a goat, the milk becomes unclean, for as soon as the first drop comes out it becomes unclean by carrying.

Mishnah Tahorot 3:3 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

תִּינוֹק שֶׁנִּמְצָא בְצַד הָעִסָּה וְהַבָּצֵק בְּיָדוֹ, רַבִּי מֵאִיר מְטַהֵר. וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִים, שֶׁדֶּרֶךְ הַתִּינוֹק לְטַפֵּחַ. בָּצֵק שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ נְקִירַת תַּרְנְגוֹלִים, וּמַשְׁקִין טְמֵאִין בְּתוֹךְ הַבַּיִת, אִם יֵשׁ בֵּין מַשְׁקִין לַכִּכָּרוֹת כְּדֵי שֶׁיְּנַגְּבוּ אֶת פִּיהֶם בָּאָרֶץ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְהוֹרִין. וּבְפָרָה וּבְכֶלֶב, כְּדֵי שֶׁיְּלַחֲכוּ אֶת לְשׁוֹנָם. וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַבְּהֵמָה, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּתְנַגֵּב. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב מְטַהֵר בְּכֶלֶב, שֶׁהוּא פִקֵּחַ, שֶׁאֵין דַּרְכּוֹ לְהַנִּיחַ אֶת הַמָּזוֹן וְלֵילֵךְ לַמָּיִם:

A child was found next to dough with a piece of dough in his hand: Rabbi Meir says that the dough is clean; But the sages say that it is unclean, since it is the nature of a child to slap dough. Dough that bears traces of hens’ pickings and there is unclean liquid in the same house: if there was distance enough between the liquid and the loaves for the hens to dry their mouths on the ground, the dough is clean. And in the case of a cow or a dog, if there was distance enough for it to lick its tongue. And in the case of all other beasts, if there was distance enough for their tongue to dry. Rabbi Eliezer ben Jacob holds the dough to be clean in the case of a dog who is smart; for it is not its habit to leave food and go after the water.

Mishnah Tahorot 3:8 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

עַל שִׁשָּׁה סְפֵקוֹת שׂוֹרְפִין אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה. עַל סְפֵק בֵּית הַפְּרָס, וְעַל סְפֵק עָפָר הַבָּא מֵאֶרֶץ הָעַמִּים, עַל סְפֵק בִּגְדֵי עַם הָאָרֶץ, עַל סְפֵק כֵּלִים הַנִּמְצָאִין, עַל סְפֵק הָרֻקִּין הַנִּמְצָאִין, עַל סְפֵק מֵי רַגְלֵי אָדָם שֶׁהֵן כְּנֶגֶד מֵי רַגְלֵי בְהֵמָה. עַל וַדַּאי מַגָּעָן שֶׁהוּא סְפֵק טֻמְאָתָן, שׂוֹרְפִין אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אַף עַל סְפֵק מַגָּעָן בִּרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, בִּרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד, תּוֹלִין. וּבִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, טָהוֹר:

On account of six doubtful cases of uncleanness terumah is burned: On account of the doubt of a bet ha-peras [grave area], On account of earth about which there is doubt whether it came from the land of the gentiles, On account of a doubt about the garments of an ‘am ha-arez; On account of a doubt about found vessels found by chance; On account of found spit, On account of a doubt about human urine that was near the urine of a beast. On account of a certainty of having touched these which causes the doubtful uncleanness, terumah is burned. Rabbi Yose says: also on account of their doubtful contact in a private domain; But the sages say: in a private domain the terumah is only held in suspense and in a public domain it is deemed clean.

Mishnah Tahorot 4:5 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

אֵלּוּ סְפֵקוֹת שֶׁטִּהֲרוּ חֲכָמִים. סְפֵק מַיִם שְׁאוּבִים לַמִּקְוֶה. סְפֵק טֻמְאָה צָפָה עַל פְּנֵי הַמָּיִם. סְפֵק מַשְׁקִין, לִטָּמֵא, טָמֵא, וּלְטַמֵּא, טָהוֹר. סְפֵק יָדַיִם, לִטָּמֵא וּלְטַמֵּא וְלִטַּהֵר, טָהוֹר. סְפֵק רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים. סְפֵק דִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים. סְפֵק הַחֻלִּין. סְפֵק שְׁרָצִים. סְפֵק נְגָעִים. סְפֵק נְזִירוּת. סְפֵק בְּכוֹרוֹת. וּסְפֵק קָרְבָּנוֹת:

These are the cases of doubtful uncleanness that the sages declared to be clean:A doubt concerning drawn water for a mikveh, A doubt concerning an object of uncleanness that floated upon the water. A doubt concerning liquids as to whether they have contracted uncleanness it is deemed unclean, but if it was whether uncleanness has been conveyed it is deemed clean. A doubt concerning the hands as to whether they have contracted uncleanness, have conveyed uncleanness or have attained cleanness, they are deemed clean. A doubt that arose in a public domain; A doubt concerning an ordinance of the scribes; A doubt concerning non-sacred food; A doubt concerning a sheretz; A doubt concerning negaim; A doubt concerning a nazirite vow; A doubt concerning a first-born; A doubt concerning sacrifices.

Mishnah Tahorot 4:7 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

סְפֵק יָדַיִם לִטָּמֵא וּלְטַמֵּא וְלִטָּהֵר, טָהוֹר. סְפֵק רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, טָהוֹר. סְפֵק דִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים, אָכַל אֳכָלִים טְמֵאִים, שָׁתָה מַשְׁקִים טְמֵאִים, בָּא רֹאשׁוֹ וְרֻבּוֹ בְמַיִם שְׁאוּבִין, אוֹ שֶׁנָּפְלוּ עַל רֹאשׁוֹ וְרֻבּוֹ שְׁלשָׁה לֻגִּין מַיִם שְׁאוּבִים, סְפֵקוֹ טָהוֹר. אֲבָל דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא אַב הַטֻּמְאָה וְהוּא מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים, סְפֵקוֹ טָמֵא:

"If there is doubt concerning the hands as to whether they have contracted uncleanness, have conveyed uncleanness or have attained cleanness, they are deemed clean." "Any doubt that arose in a public domain is deemed clean. "A condition of doubt concerning an ordinance of the scribes": [For instance, he is uncertain whether] he ate unclean food or drank unclean liquids, whether he immersed his head and the greater part of his body in drawn water, or whether there fell on his head and the greater part of his body three log of drawn water, such a condition of doubt is deemed clean. But if a condition of doubt arose concerning a father of uncleanness even though it was only rabbinical, it is deemed unclean.

Mishnah Tahorot 4:11 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַשֶּׁרֶץ וְהַצְּפַרְדֵּעַ בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, וְכֵן כַּזַּיִת מִן הַמֵּת וְכַזַּיִת מִן הַנְּבֵלָה, וְעֶצֶם מִן הַמֵּת וְעֶצֶם מִן הַנְּבֵלָה, וְגוּשׁ מֵאֶרֶץ טְהוֹרָה וְגוּשׁ מִבֵּית הַפְּרָס, גּוּשׁ מֵאֶרֶץ טְהוֹרָה וְגוּשׁ מֵאֶרֶץ הָעַמִּים, שְׁנֵי שְׁבִילִין, אֶחָד טָמֵא וְאֶחָד טָהוֹר, הָלַךְ בְּאַחַד מֵהֶם וְאֵין יָדוּעַ בְּאֵיזֶה מֵהֶן הָלַךְ, הֶאֱהִיל עַל אַחַד מֵהֶם וְאֵין יָדוּעַ עַל אֵיזֶה מֵהֶן הֶאֱהִיל, הִסִּיט אֶת אַחַד מֵהֶם וְאֵין יָדוּעַ אֵיזֶה מֵהֶם הִסִּיט, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִים:

A [dead] sheretz and a [dead] frog in a public domain, And so also [if there was there] an olive's bulk of a corpse and an olive's bulk of carrion, A bone of a corpse and a bone of carrion; A clod of clean earth and a clod from a doubtful grave area A clod of clean earth and a clod from the land of the Gentiles, Or if there were two paths, the one unclean and the other clean, and a man walked through one of them but it is not known which, Or if overshadowed one of them but it is not known which, or he shifted one of them but it is not known which: Rabbi Akiva rules that he is unclean, But the sages rule that he is clean.

Mishnah Tahorot 5:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

מִי שֶׁיָּשַׁב בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים וּבָא אֶחָד וְדָרַס עַל בְּגָדָיו, אוֹ שֶׁרָקַק וְנָגַע בְּרֻקּוֹ, עַל רֻקּוֹ שׂוֹרְפִים אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה, וְעַל בְּגָדָיו הוֹלְכִין אַחַר הָרֹב. יָשֵׁן בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים וְעָמַד, כֵּלָיו טְמֵאִים מִדְרָס, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. נָגַע בְּאֶחָד בַּלַּיְלָה, וְאֵין יָדוּעַ אִם חַי אִם מֵת, וּבַשַּׁחַר עָמַד וּמְצָאוֹ מֵת, רַבִּי מֵאִיר מְטַהֵר. וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִים, שֶׁכָּל הַטֻּמְאוֹת כִּשְׁעַת מְצִיאָתָן:

If a man sat in a public domain and someone came and trod on his clothes, or spat and he touched his spit, on account of the spit terumah must be burnt, but on account of the clothes the majority principle is followed. If a man slept in the public domain, when he rises his clothes have midras uncleanness, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the sages say that they are clean. If a man touched someone in the night and it is not known whether it was one who was alive or dead, but in the morning when he got up he found him to be dead: Rabbi Meir says that he is clean. But the sages rule that he is unclean, since all doubtful cases of uncleanness are [determined] in accordance with [their appearance at] the time they are discovered.

Mishnah Tahorot 5:7 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

עֵד אוֹמֵר נִטְמָא, וְהוּא אוֹמֵר לֹא נִטְמֵאתִי, טָהוֹר. שְׁנַיִם אוֹמְרִים נִטְמֵאתָ, וְהוּא אוֹמֵר לֹא נִטְמֵאתִי, רַבִּי מֵאִיר מְטַמֵּא. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, הוּא נֶאֱמָן עַל יְדֵי עַצְמוֹ. עֵד אוֹמֵר נִטְמָא, וּשְׁנַיִם אוֹמְרִים לֹא נִטְמָא, בֵּין בִּרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד בֵּין בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, טָהוֹר. שְׁנַיִם אוֹמְרִים נִטְמָא, וְעֵד אוֹמֵר לֹא נִטְמָא, בֵּין בִּרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד בֵּין בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, טָמֵא. עֵד אוֹמֵר נִטְמָא וְעֵד אוֹמֵר לֹא נִטְמָא, אִשָּׁה אוֹמֶרֶת נִטְמָא וְאִשָּׁה אוֹמֶרֶת לֹא נִטְמָא, בִּרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד, טָמֵא. בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, טָהוֹר:

If one witness says, "You have become unclean," but he says, "I have not become unclean," he is regarded as clean. If two witnesses say, "You have become unclean," and he says, "I have not become unclean," Rabbi Meir says: he is unclean. But the sages say: he may be believed on his own evidence. If one witness says, "You have become unclean," and two witnesses say, "He has not become unclean," whether in a private domain or in a public domain, he is regarded as clean. If two witnesses say, "He has become unclean’, and one witness says, ‘"He has not become unclean," whether in a private domain or in a public domain, he is regarded as unclean. If one witness says, "He has become unclean," and another says, "He has not become unclean," or if one woman says, "He has become unclean’, and another woman says, "He has not become unclean," he is regarded as unclean if in the private domain, but if in a public domain he is regarded as clean.

Mishnah Tahorot 5:9 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

מָקוֹם שֶׁהָיָה רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד וְנַעֲשָׂה רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, חָזַר וְנַעֲשָׂה רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד, כְּשֶׁהוּא רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד, סְפֵקוֹ טָמֵא. כְּשֶׁהוּא רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, סְפֵקוֹ טָהוֹר. הַמְסֻכָּן בִּרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד וְהוֹצִיאוּהוּ לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, וְהֶחֱזִירוּהוּ לִרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד, כְּשֶׁהוּא בִרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד, סְפֵקוֹ טָמֵא. כְּשֶׁהוּא בִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, סְפֵקוֹ טָהוֹר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים מַפְסָקֶת:

A place that was a private domain and then became a public domain and then was turned again into a private domain: while it is a private domain any condition of doubt arising in it is unclean but while it is a public domain any condition of doubt arising in it is deemed clean. If a man who was dangerously ill in a private domain was taken out into a public domain and then brought back into a private domain, while he is in the private domain any condition of doubt arising through him is deemed unclean but while he is in the public domain any condition of doubt arising through him is deemed clean. Rabbi Shimon says: the public domain causes a break.

Mishnah Tahorot 6:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

כֹּל שֶׁאַתָּה יָכוֹל לְרַבּוֹת סְפֵקוֹת וּסְפֵק סְפֵקוֹת, בִּרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד, טָמֵא. בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, טָהוֹר. כֵּיצַד, נִכְנַס לְמָבוֹי וְהַטֻּמְאָה בֶחָצֵר, סָפֵק נִכְנַס סָפֵק לֹא נִכְנַס, טֻמְאָה בַּבַּיִת, סָפֵק נִכְנַס סָפֵק לֹא נִכְנַס, וַאֲפִלּוּ נִכְנַס, סָפֵק הָיְתָה שָׁם סָפֵק לֹא הָיְתָה שָׁם, וַאֲפִלּוּ הָיְתָה שָׁם, סָפֵק שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ כַּשִּׁעוּר סָפֵק שֶׁאֵין בָּהּ כַּשִּׁעוּר, וַאֲפִלּוּ שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ, סָפֵק טֻמְאָה סָפֵק טָהֳרָה, וַאֲפִלּוּ טֻמְאָה, סָפֵק נָגַע סָפֵק לֹא נָגַע, סְפֵקוֹ טָמֵא. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר, סְפֵק בִּיאָה, טָהוֹר. סְפֵק מַגַּע טֻמְאָה, טָמֵא:

However many doubts and doubts about doubts that you can multiply, a condition of doubt in a private domain is unclean, and in a public domain it is deemed clean. How so? If a man entered an alley and an unclean object was in the courtyard, and a doubt arose as to whether he entered or did not enter [the courtyard]; Or if an object of uncleanness was in a house and there is doubt whether he entered or not; Or even if he entered, there is doubt whether the uncleanness was there or not; Or even if it was there, there is doubt whether it consisted of the prescribed minimum or not; Or even if it consisted of the prescribed minimum, there is doubt whether it was unclean or clean; Or even if it was unclean, there is doubt whether he touched it or not; Any such condition of doubt is deemed unclean. Rabbi Elazar says: if there is a doubt whether he entered, he is clean, but if there is a doubt whether he touched it, he is unclean.

Mishnah Tahorot 6:4 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

סְפֵק רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד, טָמֵא, עַד שֶׁיֹּאמַר לֹא נָגַעְתִּי. סְפֵק רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים טָהוֹר, עַד שֶׁיֹּאמַר נָגַעְתִּי. אֵיזוֹ הִיא רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים. שְׁבִילֵי בֵית גִּלְגּוּל, וְכֵן כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהֶן, רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד לְשַׁבָּת, וּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים לַטֻּמְאָה. אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר, לֹא הֻזְכְּרוּ שְׁבִילֵי בֵית גִּלְגּוּל, אֶלָּא שֶׁהֵם רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד לְכָךְ וּלְכָךְ. הַשְּׁבִילִים הַמְפֻלָּשִׁים לְבוֹרוֹת וּלְשִׁיחִים וְלִמְעָרוֹת וּלְגִתּוֹת, רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד לְשַׁבָּת וּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים לַטֻּמְאָה:

A condition of doubt in a private domain is unclean unless he says, "I did not touch the unclean thing." A condition of doubt in a public domain is clean unless he can say, "I did touch the unclean thing." What is regarded as a public domain? The paths of Bet Gilgul and similar places are regarded as a private domain in respect of the laws of Shabbat, and a public domain in respect of those of uncleanness. Rabbi Elazar says: they only mentioned the paths of Bet Gilgul because they are regarded as a private domain in both respects. Paths that open out towards cisterns, pits, caverns or wine-presses are regarded as a private domain in respect of the laws of Shabbat and as a public domain in respect of those of uncleanness.

Mishnah Tahorot 6:6 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַקַּדָּר שֶׁהִנִּיחַ אֶת קְדֵרוֹתָיו וְיָרַד לִשְׁתּוֹת, הַפְּנִימִיּוֹת טְהוֹרוֹת, וְהַחִיצוֹנוֹת טְמֵאוֹת. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בְּמֻתָּרוֹת. אֲבָל בַּאֲגוּדוֹת, הַכֹּל טָהוֹר. הַמּוֹסֵר מַפְתְּחוֹ לְעַם הָאָרֶץ, הַבַּיִת טָהוֹר, שֶׁלֹּא מָסַר לוֹ אֶלָּא שְׁמִירַת הַמַּפְתֵּחַ:

A potter who left his pots and went down to drink: the innermost pots remain clean but the outer ones are unclean. Rabbi Yose says: When is this so? When they are not tied together, but when they are tied together, all the pots are clean. One who gave over his key to an "am haaretz" the house remains clean, since he only gave him the guarding of the key.

Mishnah Tahorot 7:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַמַּנִּיחַ עַם הָאָרֶץ בְּתוֹךְ בֵּיתוֹ לְשָׁמְרוֹ, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא רוֹאֶה אֶת הַנִּכְנָסִין וְאֶת הַיּוֹצְאִין, הָאֳכָלִים וְהַמַּשְׁקִים וּכְלֵי חֶרֶס הַפְּתוּחִים, טְמֵאִים. אֲבָל הַמִּשְׁכָּבוֹת וְהַמּוֹשָׁבוֹת וּכְלֵי חֶרֶס הַמֻּקָּפִין צָמִיד פָּתִיל, טְהוֹרִין. וְאִם אֵינוֹ רוֹאֶה לֹא אֶת הַנִּכְנָסִין וְלֹא אֶת הַיּוֹצְאִין, אֲפִלּוּ מוּבָל, אֲפִלּוּ כָפוּת, הַכֹּל טָמֵא:

One who left am haaretz in his house to guard him, if he can see those that enter and leave, only food and liquids and uncovered earthenware are unclean, but couches and seats and earthenware that have tightly fitting covers remain clean. And if he cannot see either those who enter or those who leave, even though the am haaretz has to be led and even though he was bound, all is unclean.

Mishnah Tahorot 7:5 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַגַּבָּאִים שֶׁנִּכְנְסוּ לְתוֹךְ הַבַּיִת, הַבַּיִת טָמֵא. אִם יֵשׁ עִמָּהֶן גּוֹי, נֶאֱמָנִים לוֹמַר לֹא נִכְנָסְנוּ, אֲבָל אֵין נֶאֱמָנִים לוֹמַר נִכְנַסְנוּ אֲבָל לֹא נָגָעְנוּ. הַגַּנָּבִים שֶׁנִּכְנְסוּ לְתוֹךְ הַבַּיִת, אֵין טָמֵא אֶלָּא מְקוֹם רַגְלֵי הַגַּנָּבִים. וּמַה הֵן מְטַמְּאִין. הָאֳכָלִים וְהַמַּשְׁקִים וּכְלֵי חֶרֶס הַפְּתוּחִין. אֲבָל הַמִּשְׁכָּבוֹת וְהַמּוֹשָׁבוֹת וּכְלֵי חֶרֶס הַמֻּקָּפִין צָמִיד פָּתִיל, טְהוֹרִים. אִם יֵשׁ עִמָּהֶן נָכְרִי אוֹ אִשָּׁה, הַכֹּל טָמֵא:

If tax collectors entered a house, the house is unclean. If a Gentile was with them they are believed if they say, "we did not enter" but they are not believed if they say "we didn't touch anything." If thieves entered a house, only that part in which the feet of the thieves have stepped is unclean. And what do they cause to be unclean? Food and liquids and open earthenware, but couches and seats and earthenware that have tightly fitting covers remain clean. If a Gentile or a woman was with them, all is unclean.

Mishnah Tahorot 7:6 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

כְּלָל אָמְרוּ בַטָּהֳרוֹת, כֹּל הַמְיֻחָד לְאֹכֶל אָדָם, טָמֵא, עַד שֶׁיִּפָּסֵל מֵאֹכֶל הַכֶּלֶב. וְכֹל שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְיֻחָד לְאֹכֶל אָדָם, טָהוֹר, עַד שֶׁיְּיַחֲדֶנּוּ לְאָדָם. כֵּיצַד. גּוֹזָל שֶׁנָּפַל לְגַת וְחִשַּׁב עָלָיו לְהַעֲלוֹתוֹ לְנָכְרִי, טָמֵא. לְכֶלֶב, טָהוֹר. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי מְטַמֵּא. חִשַּׁב עָלָיו חֵרֵשׁ, שׁוֹטֶה וְקָטָן, טָהוֹר. אִם הֶעֱלָהוּ, טָמֵא, שֶׁיֵּשׁ לָהֶן מַעֲשֶׂה וְאֵין לָהֶן מַחֲשָׁבָה:

They said a general rule with regard to clean food: whatever is designated as food for human consumption is susceptible to uncleanness unless it is rendered unfit to be food for a dog; And whatever is not designated as food for human consumption is not susceptible to uncleanness unless it is designated for human consumption. How so? If a pigeon fell into a wine-press and one intended to pick it out for an idolater, it becomes susceptible to uncleanness; but if he intended it for a dog it is not susceptible to uncleanness. Rabbi Yohanan ben Nuri rules that it is susceptible to uncleanness. If a deaf mute, one not of sound senses or a minor intended it as food, it remains insusceptible. But if they picked it up it becomes susceptible; since only an act of theirs is effective while their intention is of no consequence.

Mishnah Tahorot 8:6 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

עֲרֵבָה שֶׁהִיא קְטַפְרֵס, וְהַבָּצֵק מִלְּמַעְלָן וּמַשְׁקֶה טוֹפֵחַ מִלְּמַטָּן, שָׁלשׁ חֲתִיכוֹת בְּכַבֵּיצָה, אֵינָן מִצְטָרְפוֹת. וּשְׁתַּיִם, מִצְטָרְפוֹת. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אַף שְׁתַּיִם אֵינָן מִצְטָרְפוֹת, אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן הָיוּ רוֹצְצוֹת מַשְׁקֶה. וְאִם הָיָה מַשְׁקֶה עוֹמֵד, אֲפִלּוּ כְעֵין הַחַרְדָּל, מִצְטָרֵף. רַבִּי דוֹסָא אוֹמֵר, אֹכֶל פָּרוּד אֵינוֹ מִצְטָרֵף:

If a kneading trough was sloping downwards and there was dough in the higher part and dripping moisture in the lower part, then three pieces that jointly make up the bulk of an egg cannot be combined together, but two are combined. Rabbi Yose says: the two also cannot be combined unless they compress liquid between them. If the liquid was level, even though the piece was the size of a mustard seed they are combined together. Rabbi Dosa says: crumbled food cannot be combined together.

Mishnah Tahorot 8:8 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

מַקֵּל שֶׁהִיא מְלֵאָה מַשְׁקִין טְמֵאִין, כֵּיוָן שֶׁהִשִּׁיקָהּ לַמִּקְוֶה, טְהוֹרָה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, עַד שֶׁיַּטְבִּיל אֶת כֻּלָּהּ. הַנִּצּוֹק וְהַקְּטַפְרֵס וּמַשְׁקֶה טוֹפֵחַ, אֵינָן חִבּוּר לֹא לַטֻּמְאָה וְלֹא לַטָּהֳרָה. וְהָאֶשְׁבֹּרֶן, חִבּוּר לַטֻּמְאָה וְלַטָּהֳרָה:

If a stick is completely covered with unclean liquid, as soon as it has touched the [water in the] mikveh, it becomes clean, the words of Rabbi Joshua. But the sages say: only when the whole of it is immersed. A flow from one vessel to the other or a slope of dripping moisture does not serve as a connective either for uncleanness or for cleanness. A pool of water serves as a connective in respect both of uncleanness and cleanness.

Mishnah Tahorot 8:9 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

זֵיתִים מֵאֵימָתַי מְקַבְּלִין טֻמְאָה. מִשֶּׁיַּזִּיעוּ זֵעַת הַמַּעֲטָן, אֲבָל לֹא זֵעַת הַקֻּפָּה, כְּדִבְרֵי בֵית שַׁמָּאי. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, שִׁעוּר זֵעָה שְׁלשָׁה יָמִים. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, מִשֶּׁיִּתְחַבְּרוּ שְׁלשָׁה זֶה לָזֶה. רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, מִשֶּׁתִּגָּמֵר מְלַאכְתָּן. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים כִּדְבָרָיו:

At what stage do olives become susceptible to uncleanness?When they exude the moisture [produced] by [their lying in] the vat but not the one [produced while they are still] in the basket, according to the words of Bet Shammai. Rabbi Shimon says: the minimum time prescribed for proper exudation is three days. Bet Hillel says: as soon as three olives stick together. Rabban Gamaliel says: as soon as their preparation is finished, and the sages agree with his view.

Mishnah Tahorot 9:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַשֶּׁרֶץ שֶׁנִּמְצָא בָרֵחַיִם, אֵין טָמֵא אֶלָּא מְקוֹם מַגָּעוֹ. אִם הָיָה מַשְׁקֶה מְהַלֵּךְ, הַכֹּל טָמֵא. נִמְצָא עַל גַּבֵּי הֶעָלִים, יִשָּׁאֲלוּ הַבַּדָּדִים לוֹמַר לֹא נָגָעְנוּ. אִם הָיָה נוֹגֵעַ בָּאוֹם, אֲפִלּוּ בְשַׂעֲרָה, טָמֵא:

If a [dead] sheretz was found in the milling stones, only the place that it has touched becomes unclean. But if moisture was running, all become unclean. If it was found on the leaves, the olive-press men shall be asked whether they can say, "we did not touch it." If it touched the mass [of olives], even by as little as the bulk of a barley grain, [the mass becomes] unclean.

Mishnah Tahorot 9:8 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

נִמְצָא עַל גַּבֵּי פְרוּדִים, וְהוּא נוֹגֵעַ בְּכַבֵּיצָה, טָמֵא. פְּרוּדִים עַל גַּבֵּי פְרוּדִים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא נוֹגֵעַ בְּכַבֵּיצָה, אֵין טָמֵא אֶלָּא מְקוֹם מַגָּעוֹ. נִמְצָא בֵין כֹּתֶל לַזֵּיתִים, טָהוֹר. נִמְצָא בַגַּג, הַמַּעֲטָן טָהוֹר. נִמְצָא בַמַּעֲטָן, הַגַּג טָמֵא. נִמְצָא שָׂרוּף עַל הַזֵּיתִים, וְכֵן מַטְלִית מְהוּהָא, טְהוֹרָה, שֶׁכָּל הַטֻּמְאוֹת כִּשְׁעַת מְצִיאָתָן:

If it was found on broken off pieces but it touched as much as an egg's bulk, [the entire mass] becomes unclean. If it was found on broken off pieces that lay upon other broken off pieces, even though it touched as much as an egg's bulk, only the place it touched becomes unclean. If it was found between the wall and the olives, they remain clean. If it was found [on olives that were lying] on the roof, [the olives in] the vat remain clean. If it was found in the vat, [the olives on] the roof are [also] regarded as unclean. If it was found burnt upon the olives, and so also in the case of a rag that was completely worn out, [the olives remain] clean, because all cases of uncleanness are determined in accordance with their appearance at the time they are found.

Mishnah Tahorot 9:9 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הָאוֹכֵל מִן הַסַּלִּים וּמִן הַמַּשְׁטֵחַ שֶׁל אֲדָמָה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמְּבֻקָּעוֹת וּמְנַטְּפוֹת לַגַּת, הֲרֵי הַגַּת טְהוֹרָה. מִן הָעֲבַט וּמִן הַמַּשְׁטֵחַ שֶׁל עָלִים וְנָפַל מִמֶּנּוּ גַרְגֵּר יְחִידִי, אִם יֶשׁ לוֹ חוֹתָם, טָהוֹר. אִם אֵין לוֹ חוֹתָם, טָמֵא. נָפְלוּ מִמֶּנּוּ עֲנָבִים וּדְרָכָן בְּמָקוֹם הַמֻּפְנֶה, כַּבֵּיצָה מְכֻוָּן, טָהוֹר. יוֹתֵר מִכַּבֵּיצָה, טָמֵא, שֶׁכֵּיוָן שֶׁיָּצָאת טִפָּה הָרִאשׁוֹנָה, נִטְמֵאת בְּכַבֵּיצָה:

One who eats grapes out of the baskets or from what is spread out on the ground, even though they burst and dripped into the wine-press, the wine-press remains clean. If he eats the grapes out of a grape-basket or from what was spread out on leaves, and a single berry dropped into the vat: If it has a seal all in the vat remains clean; But if it has no seal, all in the vat becomes unclean. If he dropped some of the grapes and trod upon them in an empty part of the wine-press: If the bulk of the grapes was exactly that of an egg, the contents remain clean; But if it was more than the bulk of an egg, the contents become unclean, for so soon as the first drop came out it contracted uncleanness from the remainder whose bulk is that of an egg.

Mishnah Tahorot 10:5 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַזּוֹלֵף אֶת הַבּוֹר, נִמְצָא שֶׁרֶץ בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה, כֻּלָּן טְמֵאוֹת. בָּאַחֲרוֹנָה, הִיא טְמֵאָה וְכֻלָּן טְהוֹרוֹת. אֵימָתַי, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא זוֹלֵף בְּכָל אַחַת וְאַחַת. אֲבָל אִם הָיָה זוֹלֵף בְּמַחַץ, נִמְצָא שֶׁרֶץ בְּאַחַת מֵהֶן, הִיא טְמֵאָה בִּלְבָד. אֵימָתַי, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא בוֹדֵק וְלֹא מְכַסֶּה אוֹ מְכַסֶּה וְלֹא בוֹדֵק. הָיָה בוֹדֵק וּמְכַסֶּה, וְנִמְצָא שֶׁרֶץ, בֶּחָבִית, הַכֹּל טָמֵא. בַּבּוֹר, הַכֹּל טָמֵא. בַּמַּחַץ, הַכֹּל טָמֵא:

If one is emptying out the cistern [into jars] and a [dead] sheretz was found in the first jar, all the other jars are deemed unclean; but if it was found in the last, only that one is unclean but all the others remain clean. When does this apply? When the wine was drawn directly with each jar, but if it was drawn with a ladle and a [dead] creeping thing was found in one of the jars, it alone is unclean. When does this apply? Only when the man examined [the jars] but did not cover them up or covered them up but did not examine them; But if he both examined them and covered them up and a [dead] creeping thing was found: If in one jar, all the contents of the cistern are deemed unclean. If it was found in the cistern, all its contents are deemed unclean And if it was found in the ladle all the contents of the cistern are deemed unclean.

Mishnah Tahorot 10:7 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

בֵּין הָעִגּוּלִים לַזַּגִּין, רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים. כֶּרֶם שֶׁלִּפְנֵי הַבּוֹצְרִים, רְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד. שֶׁלְּאַחַר הַבּוֹצְרִים, רְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים. אֵימָתַי, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהָרַבִּים נִכְנָסִים בָּזוֹ וְיוֹצְאִים בָּזוֹ. כְּלֵי בֵית הַבַּד, וְשֶׁל גַּת, וְהָעֵקֶל, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהֵן שֶׁל עֵץ, מְנַגְּבָן וְהֵן טְהוֹרִין. בִּזְמַן שֶׁהֵן שֶׁל גֶּמִי, מְיַשְּׁנָן כָּל שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר חֹדֶשׁ, אוֹ חוֹלְטָן בְּחַמִּים. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אִם נְתָנָן בְּשִׁבֹּלֶת הַנָּהָר, דַּיּוֹ:

[The space] between the rollers and grape skins is regarded as a public domain. A vineyard in front of the grape harvesters is deemed to be a private domain and one which is behind the harvesters is deemed to be a public domain. When is this so? When the public enter at one end and go out at the other. The vessels of the olive-press, the wine-press and the basket-press, if they are of wood, need only be dried and they become clean; But if they are of reed grass they must be left unused for twelve months, or they must be scalded in hot water. Rabbi Yose says: if he put them in the current of the river, it is sufficient.

Mishnah Tahorot 10:8 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp