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Shabbat

The Sabbath

The heart of Shabbat in about 13 minutes: 26 passages from 26 chapters, in its own words.

By
The Sages of the Mishnah and Talmud
When
Mishnah c. 200; Babylonian Talmud c. 500
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In its own words

הַמַּצְנִיעַ לְזֶרַע וּלְדֻגְמָא וְלִרְפוּאָה, וְהוֹצִיאוֹ בְּשַׁבָּת, חַיָּב בְּכָל שֶׁהוּא. וְכָל אָדָם אֵין חַיָּב עָלָיו אֶלָּא כְשִׁעוּרוֹ. חָזַר וְהִכְנִיסוֹ, אֵינוֹ חַיָּב עָלָיו אֶלָּא כְשִׁעוּרוֹ:

If one stores something for planting, for a sample, or for medicine, and [then] carries it out on Shabbat, he is liable no matter the size. But all others are not liable except for its standard measure. If he carries it back again, he is liable only for its standard measure.
Mishnah Shabbat 10:1 · Mishnah Yomit, Dr. Joshua KulpRead on

Every word below is the text itself, as written, with its translator named. Texts from Sefaria. Nothing is paraphrased.

Chapter 1

  1. יְצִיאוֹת הַשַּׁבָּת שְׁתַּיִם שֶׁהֵן אַרְבַּע בִּפְנִים, וּשְׁתַּיִם שֶׁהֵן אַרְבַּע בַּחוּץ. כֵּיצַד. הֶעָנִי עוֹמֵד בַּחוּץ וּבַעַל הַבַּיִת בִּפְנִים, פָּשַׁט הֶעָנִי אֶת יָדוֹ לִפְנִים וְנָתַן לְתוֹךְ יָדוֹ שֶׁל בַּעַל הַבַּיִת, אוֹ שֶׁנָּטַל מִתּוֹכָהּ וְהוֹצִיא, הֶעָנִי חַיָּב וּבַעַל הַבַּיִת פָּטוּר. פָּשַׁט בַּעַל הַבַּיִת אֶת יָדוֹ לַחוּץ וְנָתַן לְתוֹךְ יָדוֹ שֶׁל עָנִי, אוֹ שֶׁנָּטַל מִתּוֹכָהּ וְהִכְנִיס, בַּעַל הַבַּיִת חַיָּב וְהֶעָנִי פָּטוּר. פָּשַׁט הֶעָנִי אֶת יָדוֹ לִפְנִים וְנָטַל בַּעַל הַבַּיִת מִתּוֹכָהּ, אוֹ שֶׁנָּתַן לְתוֹכָהּ וְהוֹצִיא, שְׁנֵיהֶם פְּטוּרִין. פָּשַׁט בַּעַל הַבַּיִת אֶת יָדוֹ לַחוּץ וְנָטַל הֶעָנִי מִתּוֹכָהּ, אוֹ שֶׁנָּתַן לְתוֹכָהּ וְהִכְנִיס, שְׁנֵיהֶם פְּטוּרִין:

    The carryings out of Shabbat are two which are four from the inside, and two which are four from the outside. How is this so? The poor man stands outside and the householder stands inside:If the poor man reaches his hand inside and places [something] into the hand of the householder, or if he takes [something] from it and carries it out, the poor man is liable, and the householder is exempt. If the householder reaches his hand outside and places [an object] in the poor man's hand, or takes [something] and carries it in, the master is liable, while the poor man is exempt. If the poor man reaches his hand inside and the master takes [an object] from it, or places [an object] in it and he carries it out, both are exempt; If the householder stretches his hand outside and the poor man takes [an object] from it, or places [an article] in it and he carries it inside, both are exempt.

    Mishnah Shabbat 1:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

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Chapter 2

  1. בַּמֶּה מַדְלִיקִין וּבַמָּה אֵין מַדְלִיקִין. אֵין מַדְלִיקִין לֹא בְלֶכֶשׁ, וְלֹא בְחֹסֶן, וְלֹא בְכָלָךְ, וְלֹא בִפְתִילַת הָאִידָן, וְלֹא בִפְתִילַת הַמִּדְבָּר, וְלֹא בִירוֹקָה שֶׁעַל פְּנֵי הַמָּיִם. וְלֹא בְזֶפֶת, וְלֹא בְשַׁעֲוָה, וְלֹא בְשֶׁמֶן קִיק, וְלֹא בְשֶׁמֶן שְׂרֵפָה, וְלֹא בְאַלְיָה, וְלֹא בְחֵלֶב. נַחוּם הַמָּדִי אוֹמֵר, מַדְלִיקִין בְּחֵלֶב מְבֻשָּׁל. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֶחָד מְבֻשָּׁל וְאֶחָד שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְבֻשָּׁל, אֵין מַדְלִיקִין בּוֹ:

    With what may they kindle [the Shabbat light] and with what may they not kindle them?They may not kindle with cedar fiber, uncarded flax, a raw silk, willow strands, a desert wick, or seaweed, And not with pitch, wax, castor oil, [terumah] oil [which must be] burnt, tail fat, or tallow. Nahum the Mede says: they may kindle with melted tallow. And the sages say: whether melted or not, they may not kindle with it.

    Mishnah Shabbat 2:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

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Chapter 3

  1. כִּירָה שֶׁהִסִּיקוּהָ בְקַשׁ וּבִגְבָבָא, נוֹתְנִים עָלֶיהָ תַּבְשִׁיל. בְּגֶפֶת וּבְעֵצִים, לֹא יִתֵּן עַד שֶׁיִּגְרֹף, אוֹ עַד שֶׁיִּתֵּן אֶת הָאֵפֶר. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, חַמִּין אֲבָל לֹא תַבְשִׁיל. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, חַמִּין וְתַבְשִׁיל. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, נוֹטְלִין אֲבָל לֹא מַחֲזִירִין. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אַף מַחֲזִירִין:

    If a double stove was heated with stubble or straw, they may put a cooked dish on it. If it was heated with peat or wood, one may not place [a dish on it] until he sweeps it out or covers it with ashes. Bet Shammai says: hot water, but not a dish; And Bet Hillel says: both hot water and a dish. Bet Shammai says: one may remove it, but not put it back; But Bet Hillel says: one may even put it back.

    Mishnah Shabbat 3:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

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Chapter 4

  1. בַּמֶּה טוֹמְנִין וּבַמָּה אֵין טוֹמְנִין. אֵין טוֹמְנִין לֹא בְגֶפֶת וְלֹא בְזֶבֶל, לֹא בְמֶלַח וְלֹא בְסִיד וְלֹא בְחֹל, בֵּין לַחִים בֵּין יְבֵשִׁים. לֹא בְתֶבֶן וְלֹא בְזָגִים וְלֹא בְמוֹכִים וְלֹא בַעֲשָׂבִים בִּזְמַן שֶׁהֵן לַחִים, אֲבָל טוֹמְנִין בָּהֶן כְּשֶׁהֵן יְבֵשִׁין. טוֹמְנִין בִּכְסוּת וּבְפֵרוֹת, בְּכַנְפֵי יוֹנָה וּבִנְסֹרֶת שֶׁל חָרָשִׁים וּבִנְעֹרֶת שֶׁל פִּשְׁתָּן דַּקָּה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹסֵר בְּדַקָּה וּמַתִּיר בְּגַסָּה:

    In what things may they cover up [food], and in what things may they not cover it up?They may not cover up [food] in peat, compost, salt, lime, or sand, whether moist or dry; Nor in straw, grape-skins, rags or grasses, when they are moist; but they may cover up [food] in them when they are dry. They may cover up [food] in garments, produce, doves’ wings, carpenters’ sawdust and thoroughly beaten flax. Rabbi Judah forbids [storing] in fine [flax], but permits [it] in coarse [flax].

    Mishnah Shabbat 4:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

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Chapter 5

  1. בַּמֶּה בְּהֵמָה יוֹצְאָה וּבַמָּה אֵינָהּ יוֹצְאָה. יוֹצֵא הַגָּמָל בְּאַפְסָר, וְנָאקָה בַחֲטָם, וְלֻבְדְּקִיס בִּפְרֻמְבְּיָא, וְסוּס בְּשֵׁיר, וְכָל בַּעֲלֵי הַשֵּׁיר יוֹצְאִים בַּשֵּׁיר וְנִמְשָׁכִים בַּשֵּׁיר, וּמַזִּין עֲלֵיהֶן וְטוֹבְלִין בִּמְקוֹמָן:

    With what may an animal go out [on Shabbat], and with what may it not go out? A camel may go out with a bit, a female camel with its nose-ring, a Libyan donkey with an iron bridle, a horse with its chain, and all chain-wearing animals may go out with their chains and be led by their chains. And they may sprinkle upon them [with purifying waters], and they may be immersed in their place.

    Mishnah Shabbat 5:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

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Chapter 6

  1. בַּמֶּה אִשָּׁה יוֹצְאָה וּבַמָּה אֵינָהּ יוֹצְאָה. לֹא תֵצֵא אִשָּׁה לֹא בְחוּטֵי צֶמֶר וְלֹא בְחוּטֵי פִשְׁתָּן וְלֹא בִרְצוּעוֹת שֶׁבְּרֹאשָׁהּ. וְלֹא תִטְבֹּל בָּהֶן עַד שֶׁתְּרַפֵּם. וְלֹא בְטֹטֶפֶת וְלֹא בְסַנְבּוּטִין בִּזְמַן שֶׁאֵינָן תְּפוּרִין. וְלֹא בְכָבוּל לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים. וְלֹא בְעִיר שֶׁל זָהָב, וְלֹא בְקַטְלָא, וְלֹא בִנְזָמִים, וְלֹא בְטַבַּעַת שֶׁאֵין עָלֶיהָ חוֹתָם, וְלֹא בְמַחַט שֶׁאֵינָהּ נְקוּבָה. וְאִם יָצָאת, אֵינָהּ חַיֶּבֶת חַטָּאת:

    With what may a woman go out and with what may she not go out?A woman may not go out with wool ribbons, linen ribbons, or straps around her head; Nor may she immerse while wearing them, until she loosens them. [She may not go out] with frontlets or head-bangles if they are not sewn, Or with a hair-net into the public domain, Or with a golden city, or with a necklace or with ear-rings, or with a finger-ring [even if it has] no signet, or with a needle [even if it] is unpierced. But if she goes out with these, she is not liable to a sin-offering.

    Mishnah Shabbat 6:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

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Chapter 7

  1. אֲבוֹת מְלָאכוֹת אַרְבָּעִים חָסֵר אֶחָת. הַזּוֹרֵעַ. וְהַחוֹרֵשׁ. וְהַקּוֹצֵר. וְהַמְעַמֵּר. הַדָּשׁ. וְהַזּוֹרֶה. הַבּוֹרֵר. הַטּוֹחֵן. וְהַמְרַקֵּד. וְהַלָּשׁ. וְהָאוֹפֶה. הַגּוֹזֵז אֶת הַצֶּמֶר. הַמְלַבְּנוֹ. וְהַמְנַפְּצוֹ. וְהַצּוֹבְעוֹ. וְהַטּוֹוֶה. וְהַמֵּסֵךְ. וְהָעוֹשֶׂה שְׁנֵי בָתֵּי נִירִין. וְהָאוֹרֵג שְׁנֵי חוּטִין. וְהַפּוֹצֵעַ שְׁנֵי חוּטִין. הַקּוֹשֵׁר. וְהַמַּתִּיר. וְהַתּוֹפֵר שְׁתֵּי תְפִירוֹת. הַקּוֹרֵעַ עַל מְנָת לִתְפֹּר שְׁתֵּי תְפִירוֹת. הַצָּד צְבִי. הַשּׁוֹחֲטוֹ. וְהַמַּפְשִׁיטוֹ. הַמּוֹלְחוֹ, וְהַמְעַבֵּד אֶת עוֹרוֹ. וְהַמּוֹחֲקוֹ. וְהַמְחַתְּכוֹ. הַכּוֹתֵב שְׁתֵּי אוֹתִיּוֹת. וְהַמּוֹחֵק עַל מְנָת לִכְתֹּב שְׁתֵּי אוֹתִיּוֹת. הַבּוֹנֶה. וְהַסּוֹתֵר. הַמְכַבֶּה. וְהַמַּבְעִיר. הַמַּכֶּה בַפַּטִּישׁ. הַמּוֹצִיא מֵרְשׁוּת לִרְשׁוּת. הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ אֲבוֹת מְלָאכוֹת אַרְבָּעִים חָסֵר אֶחָת:

    The primary labors are forty less one: sowing, plowing, reaping, binding sheaves, threshing, winnowing, selecting, grinding, sifting, kneading, baking, shearing wool, bleaching, hackling, dyeing, spinning, weaving, the making of two loops, weaving two threads, dividing two threads, tying and untying, sewing two stitches, tearing in order to sew two stitches, capturing a deer, slaughtering, or flaying, or salting it, curing its hide, scraping it [of its hair], cutting it up, writing two letters, erasing in order to write two letters [over the erasure], building, tearing down, extinguishing, kindling, striking with a hammer, [and] carrying out from one domain to another, These are the forty primary labors less one.

    Mishnah Shabbat 7:2 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

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Chapter 8

  1. הַמּוֹצִיא יַיִן, כְּדֵי מְזִיגַת הַכּוֹס. חָלָב, כְּדֵי גְמִיעָה. דְּבַשׁ, כְּדֵי לִתֵּן עַל הַכָּתִית. שֶׁמֶן, כְּדֵי לָסוּךְ אֵבֶר קָטָן. מַיִם, כְּדֵי לָשׁוּף בָּהֶם אֶת הַקִּילוֹר. וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַמַּשְׁקִין, בִּרְבִיעִית. וְכָל הַשּׁוֹפָכִין, בִּרְבִיעִית. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, כֻּלָּן בִּרְבִיעִית, וְלֹא אָמְרוּ כָל הַשִּׁעוּרִין הַלָּלוּ אֶלָּא לְמַצְנִיעֵיהֶן:

    One who carries out: [unmixed] wine, [is liable if it is] enough for the mixing of a cup; milk, as much as is swallowed at a time; honey, as much as is placed on a scab; oil, as much as is required to rub on a small limb; water, enough to rub with it collyrium; and all other liquids, a revi’it; and all waste water, a revi’it. Rabbi Shimon says: all of them are a revi’it, they stated all of these measures only in respect of those who put them away.

    Mishnah Shabbat 8:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

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Chapter 9

  1. אָמַר רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, מִנַּיִן לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה שֶׁהִיא מְּטַמְּאָה בְמַשָּׂא כַּנִּדָּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה ל) תִּזְרֵם כְּמוֹ דָוָה, צֵא תֹּאמַר לוֹ, מַה נִּדָּה מְטַמְּאָה בְמַשָּׂא, אַף עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה מְטַמְּאָה בְמַשָּׂא:

    Rabbi Akiva said: From where do we know that an idol defiles by being carried like a menstruant? Because it is said, “You shall cast them [the idols] away as a menstruous woman. Out! You will say to them” (Isaiah 30:22): just as a menstruant defiles by being carried, so does an idol defile by being carried.

    Mishnah Shabbat 9:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

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Chapter 10

  1. הַמַּצְנִיעַ לְזֶרַע וּלְדֻגְמָא וְלִרְפוּאָה, וְהוֹצִיאוֹ בְּשַׁבָּת, חַיָּב בְּכָל שֶׁהוּא. וְכָל אָדָם אֵין חַיָּב עָלָיו אֶלָּא כְשִׁעוּרוֹ. חָזַר וְהִכְנִיסוֹ, אֵינוֹ חַיָּב עָלָיו אֶלָּא כְשִׁעוּרוֹ:

    If one stores something for planting, for a sample, or for medicine, and [then] carries it out on Shabbat, he is liable no matter the size. But all others are not liable except for its standard measure. If he carries it back again, he is liable only for its standard measure.

    Mishnah Shabbat 10:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

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Chapter 11

  1. הַזּוֹרֵק מֵרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד לִרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים, מֵרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים לִרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד, חַיָּב. מֵרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד לִרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד וּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים בָּאֶמְצַע, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְחַיֵּב, וַחֲכָמִים פּוֹטְרִין:

    If one throws from the private domain into the public domain [or] from the public domain into the private domain, he is liable. From one private domain to another private domain, and the public domain lies between: Rabbi Akiva makes him liable, But the sages exempt him.

    Mishnah Shabbat 11:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

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Chapter 12

  1. הַבּוֹנֶה, כַּמָּה יִבְנֶה וִיהֵא חַיָּב, הַבּוֹנֶה כָּל שֶׁהוּא, וְהַמְסַתֵּת, וְהַמַּכֶּה בַפַּטִּישׁ וּבְמַעֲצָד, הַקּוֹדֵחַ כָּל שֶׁהוּא, חַיָּב. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כָּל הָעוֹשֶׂה מְלָאכָה וּמְלַאכְתּוֹ מִתְקַיֶּמֶת בְּשַׁבָּת, חַיָּב. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, אַף הַמַּכֶּה בְקֻרְנָס עַל הַסַּדָּן בִּשְׁעַת מְלָאכָה, חַיָּב, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא כִמְתַקֵּן מְלָאכָה:

    One who builds: how much must he build to be liable? He who builds any amount, and he who chisels, and he who strikes with a hammer or with an axe, and he who bores [a hole] of any size, is liable. This is the general principle: whoever does work and his work endures on Shabbat, he is liable. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: even one who strikes with a hammer on the anvil at the completion of his work is liable, because he is as one who improves his work.

    Mishnah Shabbat 12:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

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Chapter 13

  1. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, הָאוֹרֵג שְׁלשָׁה חוּטִין בַּתְּחִלָּה וְאַחַת עַל הָאָרִיג, חַיָּב. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, בֵּין בַּתְּחִלָּה בֵּין בַּסּוֹף, שִׁעוּרוֹ שְׁנֵי חוּטִין:

    Rabbi Eliezer says: he who weaves three threads at the beginning or one [thread] added to woven stuff is liable; But the sages say: whether at the beginning or at the end, the standard [for liability] is two threads.

    Mishnah Shabbat 13:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

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Chapter 14

  1. שְׁמֹנָה שְׁרָצִים הָאֲמוּרִים בַּתּוֹרָה, הַצָּדָן וְהַחוֹבֵל בָּהֶן, חַיָּב. וּשְׁאָר שְׁקָצִים וּרְמָשִׂים, הַחוֹבֵל בָּהֶן פָּטוּר, הַצָּדָן לְצֹרֶךְ, חַיָּב, שֶׁלֹּא לְצֹרֶךְ, פָּטוּר. חַיָּה וְעוֹף שֶׁבִּרְשׁוּתוֹ, הַצָּדָן פָּטוּר, וְהַחוֹבֵל בָּהֶן חַיָּב:

    The eight creeping things which are mentioned in the Torah: he who hunts them or wounds them [on Shabbat] is liable; But [as for] other abominations and creeping things, he who wounds them is exempt. He who hunts them for need is liable; Not for need, he is exempt. A beast or a chicken in one’s own domain, he who hunts them is exempt. He who wounds them is liable.

    Mishnah Shabbat 14:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

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Chapter 15

  1. אֵלּוּ קְשָׁרִים שֶׁחַיָּבִין עֲלֵיהֶן, קֶשֶׁר הַגַּמָּלִין וְקֶשֶׁר הַסַּפָּנִין. וּכְשֵׁם שֶׁהוּא חַיָּב עַל קִשּׁוּרָן כָּךְ הוּא חַיָּב עַל הֶתֵּרָן. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, כָּל קֶשֶׁר שֶׁהוּא יָכוֹל לְהַתִּירוֹ בְאַחַת מִיָּדָיו, אֵין חַיָּבִין עָלָיו:

    These are the knots for which a person is liable? Camel-drivers’ knots and sailors’ knots. And just as one is guilty for tying them, so one is guilty for untying them. Rabbi Meir says: any knot which one can untie with one hand they are not liable for it.

    Mishnah Shabbat 15:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

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Chapter 16

  1. כָּל כִּתְבֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ מַצִּילִין אוֹתָן מִפְּנֵי הַדְּלֵקָה, בֵּין שֶׁקּוֹרִין בָּהֶן וּבֵין שֶׁאֵין קוֹרִין בָּהֶן. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁכְּתוּבִים בְּכָל לָשׁוֹן, טְעוּנִים גְּנִיזָה. וּמִפְּנֵי מָה אֵין קוֹרִין בָּהֶן, מִפְּנֵי בִטּוּל בֵּית הַמִּדְרָשׁ. מַצִּילִין תִּיק הַסֵּפֶר עִם הַסֵּפֶר, וְתִיק הַתְּפִלִּין עִם הַתְּפִלִּין, וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיֵּשׁ בְּתוֹכָן מָעוֹת. וּלְהֵיכָן מַצִּילִין אוֹתָן, לְמָבוֹי שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְפֻלָּשׁ. בֶּן בְּתֵירָא אוֹמֵר, אַף לִמְפֻלָּשׁ:

    All sacred writings may be saved from a fire, whether we read from them or not [on Shabbat]. And even if they are written in any language, they must be stored. And why do we not read them? Because of the neglect of the study house. One may save the container of a scroll together with the scroll, and the container of tefillin together with the tefillin, even if it [also] contains money. And to where may one rescue them? Into a closed alley. Ben Batera says: even into an open one.

    Mishnah Shabbat 16:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

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Chapter 17

  1. כָּל הַכֵּלִים נִטָּלִין בְּשַׁבָּת וְדַלְתוֹתֵיהֶן עִמָּהֶן, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנִּתְפָּרְקוּ בְשַׁבָּת. שֶׁאֵינָן דּוֹמִין לְדַלְתוֹת הַבַּיִת, לְפִי שֶׁאֵינָן מִן הַמּוּכָן:

    All utensils may be carried on Shabbat and their doors with them, even if they became detached on Shabbat, for they are not like the doors of a house, which are not set aside for use.

    Mishnah Shabbat 17:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

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Chapter 18

  1. מְפַנִּין אֲפִלּוּ אַרְבַּע וְחָמֵשׁ קֻפּוֹת שֶׁל תֶּבֶן וְשֶׁל תְּבוּאָה מִפְּנֵי הָאוֹרְחִים וּמִפְּנֵי בִטּוּל בֵּית הַמִּדְרָשׁ, אֲבָל לֹא אֶת הָאוֹצָר. מְפַנִּין תְּרוּמָה טְהוֹרָה, וּדְמַאי, וּמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁנִּטְּלָה תְרוּמָתוֹ, וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי וְהֶקְדֵּשׁ שֶׁנִּפְדּוּ, וְהַתֻּרְמוֹס הַיָּבֵשׁ, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַאֲכָל לַעֲנִיִּים. אֲבָל לֹא אֶת הַטֶּבֶל, וְלֹא מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁלֹּא נִטְּלָה תְרוּמָתוֹ, וְלֹא אֶת מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי וְהֶקְדֵּשׁ שֶׁלֹּא נִפְדּוּ, וְלֹא אֶת הַלּוּף, וְלֹא הַחַרְדָּל. רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל מַתִּיר בְּלוּף, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַאֲכַל עוֹרְבִין:

    One may clear away even four or five baskets of straw or produce to make room for guests or on account of the neglect of the study hall, but not the storehouse. One may clear away pure terumah, doubtfully tithed produce, the first tithe whose terumah has been separated, redeemed second tithe and sanctified things, and dry lupinus, because it is food for goats. But [one may] not [clear away] untithed produce, first tithe whose terumah has not been taken, unredeemed second tithe and sanctified things, luf or mustard. Rabban Shimon b. Gamaliel permits [it] in the case of luf, because it is food for ravens.

    Mishnah Shabbat 18:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

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Chapter 19

  1. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אִם לֹא הֵבִיא כְלִי מֵעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת, מְבִיאוֹ בְשַׁבָּת מְגֻלֶּה. וּבַסַּכָּנָה, מְכַסֵּהוּ עַל פִּי עֵדִים. וְעוֹד אָמַר רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר, כּוֹרְתִין עֵצִים לַעֲשׂוֹת פֶּחָמִין וְלַעֲשׂוֹת כְּלִי בַרְזֶל. כְּלָל אָמַר רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, כָּל מְלָאכָה שֶׁאֶפְשָׁר לַעֲשׂוֹתָהּ מֵעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת אֵינָהּ דּוֹחָה אֶת הַשַּׁבָּת, וְשֶׁאִי אֶפְשָׁר לַעֲשׂוֹתָהּ מֵעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת דּוֹחָה אֶת הַשַּׁבָּת:

    Rabbi Eliezer says: if one did not bring an instrument [with which to circumcise] on the eve of Shabbat, he must bring it on Shabbat uncovered; but in [times of] danger he hides it on the testimony of witnesses. Rabbi Eliezer said further: one may cut wood to make charcoal to make an iron instrument. Rabbi Akiva stated a general principle: any [manner of] work which could be performed on the eve of Shabbat does not supersede Shabbat; but that which could not be performed on the eve of Shabbat does supersede Shabbat.

    Mishnah Shabbat 19:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

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Chapter 20

  1. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, תּוֹלִין אֶת הַמְשַׁמֶּרֶת בְּיוֹם טוֹב, וְנוֹתְנִין לַתְּלוּיָה בְשַׁבָּת. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין תּוֹלִין אֶת הַמְשַׁמֶּרֶת בְּיוֹם טוֹב, וְאֵין נוֹתְנִין לַתְּלוּיָה בְשַׁבָּת, אֲבָל נוֹתְנִין לַתְּלוּיָה בְיוֹם טוֹב:

    R. Eliezer says: one may suspend a strainer on festivals, and pour [wine] through a suspended [strainer] on Shabbat. But the sages say: one may not suspend a strainer on festivals, nor pour [wine] through a suspended [strainer] on Shabbat, but one may pour [it] through a suspended [strainer] on festivals.

    Mishnah Shabbat 20:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

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Chapter 21

  1. נוֹטֵל אָדָם אֶת בְּנוֹ וְהָאֶבֶן בְּיָדוֹ, וְכַלְכַּלָּה וְהָאֶבֶן בְּתוֹכָהּ. וּמְטַלְטְלִין תְּרוּמָה טְמֵאָה עִם הַטְּהוֹרָה וְעִם הַחֻלִּין. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף מַעֲלִין אֶת הַמְדֻמָּע בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה:

    A man may pick up his son while he has a stone in his hand or a basket with a stone in it. And one may carry impure terumah together with pure [terumah] or with non-sacred produce. Rabbi Judah said: one may also remove the mixture [of terumah in non-sacred produce] when one [part is neutralized] in a hundred [parts].

    Mishnah Shabbat 21:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

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Chapter 22

  1. חָבִית שֶׁנִּשְׁבְּרָה, מַצִּילִין הֵימֶנָּה מְזוֹן שָׁלֹשׁ סְעֻדּוֹת, וְאוֹמֵר לַאֲחֵרִים, בֹּאוּ וְהַצִּילוּ לָכֶם, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִסְפֹּג. אֵין סוֹחֲטִין אֶת הַפֵּרוֹת לְהוֹצִיא מֵהֶן מַשְׁקִין, וְאִם יָצְאוּ מֵעַצְמָן, אֲסוּרִין. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אִם לְאֳכָלִין, הַיּוֹצֵא מֵהֶן מֻתָּר, וְאִם לְמַשְׁקִין, הַיּוֹצֵא מֵהֶן אָסוּר. חַלּוֹת דְּבַשׁ שֶׁרִסְּקָן מֵעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת וְיָצְאוּ מֵעַצְמָן, אֲסוּרִין. וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מַתִּיר:

    A cask [of wine] which was broken, one may save from it the requirements for three meals. And he [the owner] may say to others, “come and save for yourselves”, provided that it is not sponged up. One may not squeeze fruit in order to get out their juices, and if they exude of their own accord they are prohibited. Rabbi Judah says: if [the fruit is meant] to be food, that which exudes from it is permitted, but if [is meant to be] juice, that which exudes from it is prohibited. Honeycombs which crushed on the eve of Shabbat and it [the honey] exudes on its own, it is forbidden; But Rabbi Eleazar permits it.

    Mishnah Shabbat 22:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

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Chapter 23

  1. שׁוֹאֵל אָדָם מֵחֲבֵרוֹ כַּדֵּי יַיִן וְכַדֵּי שֶׁמֶן, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יֹאמַר לוֹ הַלְוֵנִי, וְכֵן הָאִשָּׁה מֵחֲבֶרְתָּהּ כִּכָּרוֹת. וְאִם אֵינוֹ מַאֲמִינוֹ, מַנִּיחַ טַלִּיתוֹ אֶצְלוֹ וְעוֹשֶׂה עִמּוֹ חֶשְׁבּוֹן לְאַחַר שַׁבָּת. וְכֵן עֶרֶב פֶּסַח בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם שֶׁחָל לִהְיוֹת בְּשַׁבָּת, מַנִּיחַ טַלִּיתוֹ אֶצְלוֹ וְנוֹטֵל אֶת פִּסְחוֹ, וְעוֹשֶׂה עִמּוֹ חֶשְׁבּוֹן לְאַחַר יוֹם טוֹב:

    A man may borrow pitchers of wine and pitchers of oil from his neighbor, provided he does not say to him, “lend [them] to me”; And similarly a woman [may borrow] loaves from her neighbor. If he does not trust him he may leave his cloak with him [as a pledge] and squares up with him after Shabbat. Similarly, if the eve of Passover in Jerusalem falls on Shabbat, he may leave his cloak with him [the vendor] and take his paschal lamb and squares up with him after the festival.

    Mishnah Shabbat 23:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

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Chapter 24

  1. מִי שֶׁהֶחְשִׁיךְ בַּדֶּרֶךְ, נוֹתֵן כִּיסוֹ לְנָכְרִי, וְאִם אֵין עִמּוֹ נָכְרִי, מְנִיחוֹ עַל הַחֲמוֹר. הִגִּיעַ לֶחָצֵר הַחִיצוֹנָה, נוֹטֵל אֶת הַכֵּלִים הַנִּטָּלִין בְּשַׁבָּת, וְשֶׁאֵינָן נִטָּלִין בְּשַׁבָּת, מַתִּיר אֶת הַחֲבָלִים, וְהַשַּׂקִּין נוֹפְלִין מֵאֲלֵיהֶם:

    One for whom it becomes dark while on the road, he may give his purse to a non-Jew; And if there is no non-Jew with him, he places it on a donkey. When he reaches the outermost courtyard, he removes the objects which may be handled on Shabbat. As for those which may not be handled on Shabbat, he unties the cords and the sacks fall off automatically.

    Mishnah Shabbat 24:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

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From the Talmud: Shabbat 31a

  1. שׁוּב מַעֲשֶׂה בְּגוֹי אֶחָד שֶׁבָּא לִפְנֵי שַׁמַּאי. אָמַר לוֹ: גַּיְּירֵנִי עַל מְנָת שֶׁתְּלַמְּדֵנִי כׇּל הַתּוֹרָה כּוּלָּהּ כְּשֶׁאֲנִי עוֹמֵד עַל רֶגֶל אַחַת! דְּחָפוֹ בְּאַמַּת הַבִּנְיָן שֶׁבְּיָדוֹ. בָּא לִפְנֵי הִלֵּל, גַּיְירֵיהּ. אָמַר לוֹ: דַּעֲלָךְ סְנֵי לְחַבְרָךְ לָא תַּעֲבֵיד — זוֹ הִיא כׇּל הַתּוֹרָה כּוּלָּהּ, וְאִידַּךְ פֵּירוּשָׁהּ הוּא, זִיל גְּמוֹר.

    Another time a non-Jew came before Shammai and said, "I will convert if you can teach me the entire Torah while I stand on one foot." Shammai pushed the non-Jews aside with the ruler that was in his hand. The non-Jew came before Hillel and Hillel converted him saying, "What is hateful to you, do not do to your neighbor, that is the entire Torah, the rest is just commentary, now go and study."

    Shabbat 31a:6 · Sefaria Community Translation

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From the Talmud: Shabbat 21b

  1. מַאי חֲנוּכָּה? דְּתָנוּ רַבָּנַן: בְּכ״ה בְּכִסְלֵיו יוֹמֵי דַחֲנוּכָּה תְּמָנְיָא אִינּוּן דְּלָא לְמִסְפַּד בְּהוֹן וּדְלָא לְהִתְעַנּוֹת בְּהוֹן. שֶׁכְּשֶׁנִּכְנְסוּ יְוָוֽנִים לַהֵיכָל טִמְּאוּ כׇּל הַשְּׁמָנִים שֶׁבַּהֵיכָל. וּכְשֶׁגָּבְרָה מַלְכוּת בֵּית חַשְׁמוֹנַאי וְנִצְּחוּם, בָּדְקוּ וְלֹא מָצְאוּ אֶלָּא פַּךְ אֶחָד שֶׁל שֶׁמֶן שֶׁהָיָה מוּנָּח בְּחוֹתָמוֹ שֶׁל כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל, וְלֹא הָיָה בּוֹ אֶלָּא לְהַדְלִיק יוֹם אֶחָד. נַעֲשָׂה בּוֹ נֵס וְהִדְלִיקוּ מִמֶּנּוּ שְׁמוֹנָה יָמִים. לְשָׁנָה אַחֶרֶת קְבָעוּם וַעֲשָׂאוּם יָמִים טוֹבִים בְּהַלֵּל וְהוֹדָאָה.

    What is Chanukkah, that our Sages taught: On the 25th of Kislev - the days of Chanukkah, they are eight, not to eulogize on them and not to fast on them? When the Greeks entered the Temple, they polluted all the oils in the Temple, and when the Hasmonean dynasty overcame and defeated them, they checked and they found but one cruse of oil that was set in place with the seal of the High Priest, but there was in it only [enough] to light a single day. A miracle was done with it, and they lit from it for eight days. The following year [the Sages] fixed those [days], making them holidays for praise and thanksgiving.

    Shabbat 21b:10 · Sefaria Community Translation

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