Mishnah Kelim

אֲבוֹת הַטֻּמְאוֹת, הַשֶּׁרֶץ, וְשִׁכְבַת זֶרַע, וּטְמֵא מֵת, וְהַמְּצֹרָע בִּימֵי סָפְרוֹ, וּמֵי חַטָּאת שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶם כְּדֵי הַזָּיָה, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מְטַמְּאִין אָדָם וְכֵלִים בְּמַגָּע, וּכְלֵי חֶרֶשׂ בַּאֲוִיר, וְאֵינָם מְטַמְּאִין בְּמַשָּׂא:

The fathers of impurity are a: sheretz, semen, [an Israelite] who has contracted corpse impurity, a metzora during the days of his counting, and the waters of purification whose quantity is less than the minimum needed for sprinkling. Behold, these convey impurity to people and vessels by contact and to earthenware by presence within their airspace, But they do not convey impurity by being carried.

Mishnah Kelim 1:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

לְמַעְלָה מֵהֶן, בּוֹעֵל נִדָּה, שֶׁהוּא מְטַמֵּא מִשְׁכָּב תַּחְתּוֹן כָּעֶלְיוֹן. לְמַעְלָה מֵהֶן, זוֹבוֹ שֶׁל זָב וְרֻקּוֹ וְשִׁכְבַת זַרְעוֹ וּמֵימֵי רַגְלָיו, וְדַם הַנִּדָּה, שֶׁהֵן מְטַמְּאִין בְּמַגָּע וּבְמַשָּׂא. לְמַעְלָה מֵהֶן, מֶרְכָּב, שֶׁהוּא מְטַמֵּא תַּחַת אֶבֶן מְסָמָא. לְמַעְלָה מִן הַמֶּרְכָּב, מִשְׁכָּב, שֶׁשָּׁוֶה מַגָּעוֹ לְמַשָּׂאוֹ. לְמַעְלָה מִן הַמִּשְׁכָּב, הַזָּב, שֶׁהַזָּב עוֹשֶׂה מִשְׁכָּב, וְאֵין מִשְׁכָּב עוֹשֶׂה מִשְׁכָּב:

Above them is one who had intercourse with a menstruant, for he defiles the bottom [bedding] upon which he lies as he does the top [bedding]. Above them is the issue of a zav, his spit, his semen and his urine, and the blood of a menstruant, for they convey impurity both by contact and by carrying. Above them is an object on which one can ride, for it conveys impurity even when it lies under a heavy stone. Above the object on which one can ride is that on which one can lie, for contact is the same as its carrying. Above the object on which one can lie is the zav, for a zav conveys impurity to the object on which he lies, while the object on which he lies cannot convey the same impurity to that upon which it lies.

Mishnah Kelim 1:3 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

לִפְנִים מִן הַחוֹמָה מְקֻדָּשׁ מֵהֶם, שֶׁאוֹכְלִים שָׁם קָדָשִׁים קַלִּים וּמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי. הַר הַבַּיִת מְקֻדָּשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ, שֶׁאֵין זָבִים וְזָבוֹת, נִדּוֹת וְיוֹלְדוֹת נִכְנָסִים לְשָׁם. הַחֵיל מְקֻדָּשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ, שֶׁאֵין גּוֹיִם וּטְמֵא מֵת נִכְנָסִים לְשָׁם. עֶזְרַת נָשִׁים מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת מִמֶּנּוּ, שֶׁאֵין טְבוּל יוֹם נִכְנָס לְשָׁם, וְאֵין חַיָּבִים עָלֶיהָ חַטָּאת. עֶזְרַת יִשְׂרָאֵל מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת מִמֶּנָּה, שֶׁאֵין מְחֻסַּר כִּפּוּרִים נִכְנָס לְשָׁם, וְחַיָּבִין עָלֶיהָ חַטָּאת. עֶזְרַת הַכֹּהֲנִים מְקֻדֶּשֶׁת מִמֶּנָּה, שֶׁאֵין יִשְׂרָאֵל נִכְנָסִים לְשָׁם אֶלָּא בִשְׁעַת צָרְכֵיהֶם, לִסְמִיכָה לִשְׁחִיטָה וְלִתְנוּפָה:

The area within the wall [of Jerusalem] is holier, for it is there that lesser holy things and second tithe may be eaten. The Temple Mount is holier, for zavim, zavot, menstruants and women after childbirth may not enter it. The chel is holier, for neither non-Jews nor one who contracted corpse impurity may enter it. The court of women is holier, for a tevul yom may not enter it, though he is not obligated a hatat for doing so. The court of the Israelites is holier, for a man who has not yet offered his obligatory sacrifices may not enter it, and if he enters he is liable for a hatat. The court of the priests is holier, for Israelites may not enter it except when they are required to do so: for laying on of the hands, slaying or waving.

Mishnah Kelim 1:8 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

כְּלֵי עֵץ, וּכְלֵי עוֹר, וּכְלֵי עֶצֶם, וּכְלֵי זְכוּכִית, פְּשׁוּטֵיהֶן טְהוֹרִים, וּמְקַבְּלֵיהֶן טְמֵאִים. נִשְׁבְּרוּ, טָהָרוּ. חָזַר וְעָשָׂה מֵהֶם כֵּלִים, מְקַבְּלִין טֻמְאָה מִכָּאן וּלְהַבָּא. כְּלֵי חֶרֶס וּכְלֵי נֶתֶר, טֻמְאָתָן שָׁוָה. מִטַּמְּאִין וּמְטַמְּאִין בַּאֲוִיר, וּמִטַּמְּאִין מֵאֲחוֹרֵיהֶן, וְאֵינָן מִטַּמְּאִין מִגַּבֵּיהֶן, וּשְׁבִירָתָן הִיא טָהֳרָתָן:

Vessels of wood, vessels of leather, vessels of bone or vessels of glass: If they are simple they are clean If they form a receptacle they are unclean. If they were broken they become clean again. If one remade them into vessels they are susceptible to impurity henceforth. Earthen vessels and vessels of sodium carbonate are equal in respect of impurity: they contract and convey impurity through their air-space; they convey impurity through the outside but they do not become impure through their backs; and when broken they become clean.

Mishnah Kelim 2:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַדַּקִּין שֶׁבִּכְלֵי חֶרֶס, וְקַרְקְרוֹתֵיהֶן, וְדָפְנוֹתֵיהֶן יוֹשְׁבִין שֶׁלֹּא מְסֻמָּכִין, שִׁעוּרָן, מִכְּדֵי סִיכַת קָטָן וְעַד לֹג. מִלֹּג וְעַד סְאָה, בִּרְבִיעִית. מִסְּאָה וְעַד סָאתַיִם, בַּחֲצִי לֹג. מִסָּאתַיִם וְעַד שָׁלֹשׁ וְעַד חָמֵשׁ סְאִין, בְּלֹג, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אֲנִי אֵינִי נוֹתֵן בָּהֶן מִדָּה, אֶלָּא, הַדַּקִּין שֶׁבִּכְלֵי חֶרֶס, וְקַרְקְרוֹתֵיהֶן, וְדָפְנוֹתֵיהֶן יוֹשְׁבִין שֶׁלֹּא מְסֻמָּכִין, שִׁעוּרָן מִכְּדֵי סִיכַת קָטָן וְעַד קְדֵרוֹת הַדַּקּוֹת. מֵהַקְּדֵרוֹת הַדַּקּוֹת וְעַד חָבִיּוֹת לוּדִיּוֹת, בִּרְבִיעִית. מִלּוּדִיּוֹת וְעַד לַחְמִיּוֹת, בַּחֲצִי לֹג. מִלַּחְמִיּוֹת וְעַד חֲצָבִים גְּדוֹלִים, בְּלֹג. רַבָּן יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּאי אוֹמֵר, חֲצָבִים גְּדוֹלִים, שִׁעוּרָן בִּשְׁנֵי לֻגִּין. הַפַּכִּים הַגְּלִילִים וְהֶחָבִיּוֹנוֹת, שִׁעוּר קַרְקְרוֹתֵיהֶן כָּל שֶׁהֵן, וְאֵין לָהֶם דְּפָנוֹת:

As regards the smallest earthen vessels, and the bottoms and sides [of the larger but broken vessels] that can stand unsupported: The prescribed size is a capacity to hold oil sufficient for the anointing of a little finger of a child [if their former capacity] was that of a log. If [their former capacity] was from one log to a se'ah [their present capacity] must be a quarter of a log. If it was from a se'ah to two se'ah it must be half a log. If from two se'ah to three se'ah or as much as five se'ah it must be a log, the words of Rabbi Ishmael. Rabbi Akiva says: I do not prescribe any size for the unbroken vessels, rather: as regards the smallest earthen vessels, and the bottoms and sides [of larger but broken ones] that can stand unsupported: The prescribed size is a capacity to hold enough oil to anoint the little finger of a child. [This size is prescribed for pots] that are not bigger than the small cooking-pots. For small cooking-pots and for those between these and the jars from Lydda the prescribed capacity is a quarter of a log. For those which have a size between that of Lydda jars and Bethlehem jars the capacity must be that of half a log. For those between Bethlehem jars and large stone jars the capacity must be that of a log. Rabbi Yohanan ben Zakkai says: [the prescribed capacity for the fragments] of large stone jars is two logs, and that for the bottoms of broken Galilean flasks and small jars is any whatsoever, but the fragments of their sides are not susceptible to impurity

Mishnah Kelim 2:2 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַטְּהוֹרִין שֶׁבִּכְלֵי חֶרֶס, טַבְלָה שֶׁאֵין לָהּ לִזְבֵּז, וּמַחְתָּה פְרוּצָה, וְאַבּוּב שֶׁל קַלָּאִין, וְסִילוֹנוֹת, אַף עַל פִּי כְפוּפִין אַף עַל פִּי מְקַבְּלִין, וְכַבְכָּב שֶׁעֲשָׂאוֹ לְסַל הַפַּת, וּטְפִי שֶׁהִתְקִינוֹ לָעֲנָבִים, וְחָבִית שֶׁל שַׁיָּטִין, וְחָבִית דְּפוּנָה בְשׁוּלֵי הַמַּחַץ, וְהַמִּטָּה, וְהַכִּסֵּא, וְהַסַּפְסָל, וְהַשֻּׁלְחָן, וְהַסְּפִינָה, וְהַמְּנוֹרָה שֶׁל חֶרֶס, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְהוֹרִים. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כֹּל שֶׁאֵין לוֹ תוֹךְ בִּכְלֵי חֶרֶס, אֵין לוֹ אֲחוֹרָיִם:

The following are not susceptible to impurity among earthen vessels: A tray without a rim, A broken incense-pan, A pierced pan for roasting corn, Gutters even if they are bent and even if they have some form of receptacle, A cooking vessel that was turned into a bread-basket cover, A bucket that was turned into a cover for grapes, A barrel used for swimmers, A small jar fixed to the sides of a ladle, A bed, a stool, a bench, a table, a ship, and an earthen lamp, behold these are no susceptible to impurity. The following is a general rule: any among earthen vessels that has no inner part is not susceptible to impurity on its outer sides.

Mishnah Kelim 2:3 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

חָבִית, שִׁעוּרָהּ בִּגְרוֹגָרוֹת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, בֶּאֱגוֹזִים. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, בְּזֵיתִים. הַלְּפָס וְהַקְּדֵרָה, שִׁעוּרָן בְּזֵיתִים. הַפַּךְ וְהַטְּפִי, שִׁעוּרָן בְּשָׁמֶן. וְהַצַּרְצוּר, שִׁעוּרוֹ בְמָיִם. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, שְׁלָשְׁתָּן בְּזֵרְעוֹנִין. נֵר, שִׁעוּרוֹ בְשָׁמֶן. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, בִּפְרוּטָה קְטַנָּה. נֵר שֶׁנִּטַּל פִּיו, טָהוֹר. וְשֶׁל אֲדָמָה שֶׁהֻסַּק פִּיו בַּפְּתִילָה, טָהוֹר:

A jar: the size of the hole must be such that a dried fig [will fall through], the words of Rabbi Shimon. Rabbi Judah said: walnuts. Rabbi Meir said: olives. A stew-pot or a cooking pot: such that olives [will fall through]. A bucket and a pitcher: such that oil [will fall through]. A tzartzur: such that water [will fall through]. Rabbi Shimon says: in the case of all three, [the hole] must be such that seedlings [will fall through]. A lamp: the size of the hole must be such that oil [will fall through]. Rabbi Eliezer says: such that a small perutah [will fall through]. A lamp whose nozzle has been removed is clean. And one made of earth whose nozzle has been burned by the wick is also clean.

Mishnah Kelim 3:2 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

חָבִית שֶׁנִּתְרוֹעֲעָה וּטְפָלָהּ בִּגְלָלִים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא נוֹטֵל אֶת הַגְּלָלִים וְהַחֲרָסִים נוֹפְלִים, טְמֵאָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא בָטַל שֵׁם כְּלִי מֵעָלֶיהָ. נִשְׁבְּרָה וְדִבֵּק מִמֶּנָּה חַרְסִית, אוֹ שֶׁהֵבִיא חַרְסִית מִמָּקוֹם אַחֵר וּטְפָלָן בִּגְלָלִים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא נוֹטֵל הַגְּלָלִים וְהַחֲרָסִין עוֹמְדִים, טְהוֹרָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁבָּטַל שֵׁם כְּלִי מֵעָלֶיהָ. הָיָה בָהּ חֶרֶס מַחֲזִיק רְבִיעִית, כֻּלָּהּ מִטַּמָּא בְמַגָּע, וּכְנֶגְדּוֹ מִטַּמֵּא בַאֲוִיר:

If a jar was about to be cracked but was strengthened with cattle dung, although the potsherds would fall apart were the dung to be removed, it is unclean, because the designation of vessel never ceased to apply. If it was broken and some of its pieces were stuck together again, or if he brought other pieces of clay from elsewhere, and it was also lined with cattle dung, even though the potsherds hold together when the dung is removed, it is clean, because the designation of vessel ceased to apply. If it contained one potsherd that could hold a quarter of a log, all its parts contract impurity by contact, but that potsherd contracts impurity through its air-space.

Mishnah Kelim 3:4 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

מֵחַם שֶׁטְּפָלוֹ בְחֹמֶר וּבְחַרְסִית, הַנּוֹגֵעַ בַּחֹמֶר, טָמֵא. וּבַחַרְסִית, טָהוֹר. קוּמְקוּם שֶׁנִּקַּב וַעֲשָׂאוֹ בְזֶפֶת, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי מְטַהֵר, שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְקַבֵּל אֶת הַחַמִּין כְּצוֹנֵן. וְכֵן הָיָה אוֹמֵר בִּכְלֵי זֶפֶת. כְּלֵי נְחֹשֶׁת שֶׁזְּפָתָן, טְהוֹרִין. וְאִם לְיַיִן, טְמֵאִין:

A cauldron which was lined with mortar or with potter's clay: That which touches the mortar is unclean; But that which touches the potter's clay is clean. A kettle which was punctured and the hole was stopped with pitch: Rabbi Yose rules that it is clean since it cannot hold hot water as cold. The same ruling he also gave concerning vessels made of pitch. Copper vessels which were lined with pitch the lining is clean, But if they are used for wine, it is unclean.

Mishnah Kelim 3:7 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַחֶרֶס שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לַעֲמֹד מִפְּנֵי אָזְנוֹ, אוֹ שֶׁהָיָה בוֹ חִדּוּד וְהַחִדּוּד מַכְרִיעוֹ, טָהוֹר. נִטְּלָה הָאֹזֶן, נִשְׁבַּר הַחִדּוּד, טָהוֹר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַמֵּא. חָבִית שֶׁנִּפְחֲתָה, וְהִיא מְקַבֶּלֶת עַל דָּפְנוֹתֶיהָ, אוֹ שֶׁנֶּחְלְקָה כְמִין שְׁתֵּי עֲרֵבוֹת, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַהֵר, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִין:

A potsherd that cannot stand unsupported on account of its handle, or a potsherd whose bottom is pointed and that point causes it to overbalance, is clean. If the handle was removed or the point was broken off it is still clean. Rabbi Judah says that it is unclean. If a jar was broken but is still capable of holding something in its sides, or if it was split into a kind of two troughs: Rabbi Judah says it is clean But the sages say it is unclean.

Mishnah Kelim 4:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

אֵיזוֹ הִיא גִסְטְרָא, כֹּל שֶׁנִּטְּלוּ אָזְנֶיהָ. הָיוּ בָהּ חִדּוּדִין יוֹצְאִין, כֹּל הַמְקַבֵּל עִמָּהּ בְּזֵיתִים, מִטַּמֵּא בְמַגָּע וּכְנֶגְדּוֹ מִטַּמֵּא בַאֲוִיר. וְכֹל שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְקַבֵּל עִמָּהּ בְּזֵיתִים, מִטַּמֵּא בְמַגָּע וְאֵין כְּנֶגְדּוֹ מִטַּמֵּא בַאֲוִיר. הָיְתָה מֻטָּה עַל צִדָּהּ כְּמִין קַתֶּדְרָה, כֹּל הַמְקַבֵּל עִמָּהּ בְּזֵיתִים, מִטַּמֵּא בְמַגָּע וּכְנֶגְדּוֹ מִטַּמֵּא בַאֲוִיר. וְכֹל שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְקַבֵּל עִמָּהּ בְּזֵיתִים, מִטַּמֵּא בְמַגָּע וְאֵין כְּנֶגְדּוֹ מִטַּמֵּא בַאֲוִיר. שׁוּלֵי קוֹרְפִיּוֹת וְשׁוּלֵי קוֹסִים הַצִּידוֹנִיִּים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינָם יְכוֹלִים לֵישֵׁב שֶׁלֹּא מְסֻמָּכִין, טְמֵאִין, שֶׁלְּכָךְ נַעֲשׂוּ מִתְּחִלָּתָן:

What is meant by a "damaged vessel" (gistera)? One whose handles were removed. If sharp ends projected from it: Any part of it which can contain olives contracts impurity by contact, while any impurity opposite an end conveys impurity to the vessel through its air-space, But any part of it which cannot contain olives contracts impurity by contact, while an impurity opposite an end does not convey impurity through its air-space. If it was leaning on its side like a kind of cathedra, Any part of it which can contain olives contracts impurity by contact, while any impurity opposite an end conveys impurity to the vessel through its air-space, But any part of it which cannot contain olives contracts impurity by contact, while an impurity opposite an end does not convey impurity to the vessel through its air-space. Bowls with Korfian [bottoms], and cups with Zidonian bottoms, although they cannot stand unsupported, are susceptible to impurity, because they were originally fashioned in this manner.

Mishnah Kelim 4:3 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

כְּלִי חֶרֶשׂ שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ שָׁלֹשׁ שְׂפָיוֹת, הַפְּנִימִית עוֹדֶפֶת, הַכֹּל טָהוֹר. הַחִיצוֹנָה עוֹדֶפֶת, הַכֹּל טָמֵא. הָאֶמְצָעִית עוֹדֶפֶת, מִמֶּנָּה וְלִפְנִים, טָמֵא. מִמֶּנָּה וְלַחוּץ, טָהוֹר. הָיוּ שָׁווֹת, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, חוֹלְקִין הָאֶמְצָעִית. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, הַכֹּל טָהוֹר. כְּלֵי חֶרֶס, מֵאֵימָתַי מְקַבְּלִין טֻמְאָה, מִשֶּׁיִּצָּרְפוּ בַכִּבְשָׁן, וְהִיא גְמַר מְלַאכְתָּן:

An earthenware vessel that has three rims: If the innermost one projects above the others, all outside it is not susceptible to impurity. If the outermost one projects above the others all within it is susceptible to impurity; And if the middle one projects above the others, that which is within it is susceptible to impurity, while that which is without it is not susceptible to impurity. If they were equal in height: Rabbi Judah says: the middle one is deemed to be divided. But the sages ruled: all are not susceptible to impurity. When do earthenware vessels become susceptible to impurity? As soon as they are baked in the furnace, that being the completion of their manufacture.

Mishnah Kelim 4:4 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

תַּנּוּר, תְּחִלָּתוֹ אַרְבָּעָה, וּשְׁיָרָיו אַרְבָּעָה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בְּגָדוֹל. אֲבָל בְּקָטָן, תְּחִלָּתוֹ כָּל שֶׁהוּא, וּשְׁיָרָיו רֻבּוֹ, מִשֶּׁתִּגָּמֵר מְלַאכְתּוֹ. אֵיזֶהוּ גְמַר מְלַאכְתּוֹ, מִשֶּׁיַּסִּיקֶנּוּ כְּדֵי לֶאֱפוֹת בּוֹ סֻפְגָּנִין. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, מִשֶּׁיַּסִּיק אֶת הֶחָדָשׁ, כְּדֵי לֶאֱפוֹת בַּיָּשָׁן סֻפְגָּנִין:

A baking oven originally must be no less than four handbreadths [high] and what is left of it four handbreadths, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the sages say: this applies only to a large oven but in the case of a small one it originally can be [any height] and what is left is the greater part of it. [Its susceptibility to impurity begins] as soon as its manufacture is completed. What is regarded as the completion of its manufacture? When it is heated to a degree that suffices for the baking of spongy cakes. Rabbi Judah says: when a new oven has been heated to a degree that sufficed for the baking of spongy cakes in an old one.

Mishnah Kelim 5:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

חֲתָכוֹ חֻלְיוֹת וְנָתַן חֹל בֵּין חֻלְיָא לְחֻלְיָא, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַהֵר, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִין. זֶה תַנּוּרוֹ שֶׁל עַכְנָאי. יוֹרוֹת הָעַרְבִיִּין שֶׁהוּא חוֹפֵר בָּאָרֶץ וְטָח בְּטִיט, אִם יָכוֹל הַטִּיחַ לַעֲמוֹד בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ, טָמֵא. וְאִם לָאו, טָהוֹר. וְזֶה תַנּוּרוֹ שֶׁל בֶּן דִּינָאי:

If he cut the oven up into rings, and then he put sand between each pair of rings, Rabbi Eliezer says: it is clean. But the sages say: it is unclean. This is the oven of Akhnai. As regards Arabian vats, which are holes dug in the ground and plastered with clay, if the plastering can stand of itself it is susceptible to impurity; Otherwise it is not susceptible. This is the oven of Ben Dinai.

Mishnah Kelim 5:10 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

תַּנּוּר שֶׁל אֶבֶן וְשֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת, טָהוֹר, וְטָמֵא מִשּׁוּם כְּלֵי מַתָּכוֹת. נִקַּב, נִפְגַּם, נִסְדַּק, עָשָׂה לוֹ טְפֵלָה, אוֹ מוּסָף שֶׁל טִיט, טָמֵא. כַּמָּה יְהֵא בַנֶּקֶב, כְּדֵי שֶׁיֵּצֵא בוֹ הָאוּר. וְכֵן בְּכִירָה. כִּירָה שֶׁל אֶבֶן וְשֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת טְהוֹרָה, וּטְמֵאָה מִשּׁוּם כְּלֵי מַתָּכוֹת, נִקְּבָה, נִפְגְּמָה, נִסְדְּקָה, עָשָׂה לָהּ פִּטְפּוּטִין, טְמֵאָה. מֵרְחָהּ בְּטִיט בֵּין מִבִּפְנִים בֵּין מִבַּחוּץ, טְהוֹרָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, מִבִּפְנִים טְמֵאָה, וּמִבַּחוּץ טְהוֹרָה:

An oven of stone or of metal is clean, But the latter is unclean as a metal vessel. If a hole was made in it, or if it was damaged or cracked, and he lined it with plaster or with a rim of clay, it is unclean. What must be the size of the hole [for it to be pure]? It must be big enough for the flame to come through. The same applies also to a stove. A stove of stone or of metal is clean. But the latter is unclean as a metal vessel. If a hole was made in it or if it was damaged or cracked but was provided with props it is unclean. If it was lined with clay, whether inside or outside, it remains clean. Rabbi Judah says: if [the lining was] inside it is unclean but if outside it remains clean.

Mishnah Kelim 5:11 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הָעוֹשֶׂה שְׁלֹשָׁה פִטְפּוּטִים בָּאָרֶץ וְחִבְּרָן בְּטִיט לִהְיוֹת שׁוֹפֵת עֲלֵיהֶן אֶת הַקְּדֵרָה, טְמֵאָה. קָבַע שְׁלֹשָׁה מַסְמְרִין בָּאָרֶץ לִהְיוֹת שׁוֹפֵת עֲלֵיהֶן הַקְּדֵרָה, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁעָשָׂה בְרֹאשׁוֹ מָקוֹם שֶׁתְּהֵא הַקְּדֵרָה יוֹשֶׁבֶת, טְהוֹרָה. הָעוֹשֶׂה שְׁתֵּי אֲבָנִים כִּירָה וְחִבְּרָם בְּטִיט, טְמֵאָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַהֵר, עַד שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂה שְׁלִישִׁית, אוֹ עַד שֶׁיִּסְמֹךְ לַכֹּתֶל. אַחַת בְּטִיט וְאַחַת שֶׁלֹּא בְטִיט, טְהוֹרָה:

If he put three props into the ground and joined them [to the ground] with clay so that a pot could be set on them, [the structure] is susceptible to impurity. If he set three nails in the ground so that a pot could be set on them, even though a place was made on the top for the pot to rest, [the structure] is not susceptible to impurity. One who made a stove of two stones, joining them [to the ground] with clay: It is susceptible to impurity. Rabbi Judah says that it is not susceptible to impurity, unless a third stone is added or [the structure] is placed near a wall. If one stone was joined with clay and the other was not joined with clay, [the structure] is not susceptible to impurity.

Mishnah Kelim 6:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הָאֶבֶן שֶׁהָיָה שׁוֹפֵת עָלֶיהָ וְעַל הַתַּנּוּר, עָלֶיהָ וְעַל הַכִּירָה, עָלֶיהָ וְעַל הַכֻּפָּח, טְמֵאָה. עָלֶיהָ וְעַל הָאֶבֶן, עָלֶיהָ וְעַל הַסֶּלַע, עָלֶיהָ וְעַל הַכֹּתֶל, טְהוֹרָה. וְזוֹ הָיְתָה כִּירַת הַנְּזִירִים שֶׁבִּירוּשָׁלַיִם, שֶׁכְּנֶגֶד הַסָּלַע. כִּירַת הַטַּבָּחִים, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא נוֹתֵן אֶבֶן בְּצַד אֶבֶן, נִטְמֵאת אַחַת מֵהֶן, לֹא נִטְמְאוּ כֻלָּן:

A stone on which he placed a pot, [on it] and on an oven, or on it and a double stove, or on it and on a stove, is susceptible to impurity. [If he set the pot] on it and on another stone, on it and on a rock, or on it and on a wall, it is not susceptible to impurity. And such was the stove of the Nazirites in Jerusalem which was set up against a rock. As regards the stove of the butchers, where the stones are placed side by side, if one of the stoves contracted impurity, the others do not become unclean.

Mishnah Kelim 6:2 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

שָׁלֹשׁ אֲבָנִים שֶׁעֲשָׂאָן שְׁתֵּי כִירַיִם, נִטְמֵאת אַחַת מִן הַחִיצוֹנָה, הָאֶמְצָעִית הַמְשַׁמֶּשֶׁת אֶת הַטְּמֵאָה, טְמֵאָה. הַמְשַׁמֶּשֶׁת הַטְּהוֹרָה, טְהוֹרָה. נִטְּלָה הַטְּהוֹרָה, הֻחְלְטָה הָאֶמְצָעִית לְטֻמְאָה. נִטְּלָה הַטְּמֵאָה, הֻחְלְטָה הָאֶמְצָעִית לִטְהוֹרָה. נִטְמְאוּ שְׁתַּיִם הַחִיצוֹנוֹת, אִם הָיְתָה הָאֶמְצָעִית גְּדוֹלָה, נוֹתֵן לָזוֹ כְדֵי שְׁפִיתָה מִכָּאן וְלָזוֹ כְדֵי שְׁפִיתָה מִכָּאן, וְהַשְּׁאָר טָהוֹר. וְאִם הָיְתָה קְטַנָּה, הַכֹּל טָמֵא. נִטְּלָה הָאֶמְצָעִית, אִם יָכוֹל לִשְׁפֹּת עָלֶיהָ יוֹרָה גְדוֹלָה, טְמֵאָה. הֶחֱזִירָהּ, טְהוֹרָה. מֵרְחָהּ בְּטִיט, מְקַבֶּלֶת טֻמְאָה מִשֶּׁיַּסִּיקֶנָּה כְּדֵי לְבַשֵּׁל עָלֶיהָ אֶת הַבֵּיצָה:

If one made two stoves of three stones and one of the outer ones was defiled the half of the middle one that serves the unclean one is unclean but the half of it that serves the clean one remains clean. If the clean one was removed, the middle one is regarded as completely transferred to the unclean one. If the unclean one was removed, the middle one is regarded as completely transferred to the clean one. Should the two outer ones become defiled, if the middle stone was large, each outer stone is allowed such a part of it as suffices for the support of a pot and the remainder is clean. But if it was small all of it is unclean. Should the middle stone be removed, if a big kettle can be set on the two outer stones they are unclean. If the middle stone is returned they all become clean again. If it was plastered with clay it becomes susceptible to impurity when it is heated to a degree that suffices for the cooking of an egg.

Mishnah Kelim 6:3 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַקַּלָתוּת שֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי בָתִים שֶׁנִּפְחֲתָה פָחוֹת מִשְּׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים, טְמֵאָה, שֶׁהוּא מַסִּיק מִלְּמַטָּן וּקְדֵרָה בְשֵׁלָה מִלְמַעְלָן. יָתֵר מִכָּאן, טְהוֹרָה. נָתַן אֶבֶן אוֹ צְרוֹר, טְהוֹרָה. מֵרְחָהּ בְּטִיט, מְקַבֶּלֶת טֻמְאָה מִכָּאן וּלְהַבָּא. זוֹ הָיְתָה תְשׁוּבַת רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בְתַנּוּר שֶׁנְּתָנוֹ עַל פִּי הַבּוֹר אוֹ עַל פִּי הַדּוּת:

The fire-basket of a householder which was lessened by less than three handbreadths is susceptible to impurity because when it is heated from below a pot above would still boil. If [it was lessened] to a lower depth it is not susceptible to impurity. If subsequently a stone or gravel was put into it, it is still not susceptible to impurity. If it was plastered over with clay, it may contract impurity from that point and onwards. This was Rabbi Judah's reply in connection with the oven that was placed over the mouth of a cistern or over that of a cellar.

Mishnah Kelim 7:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

כִּירָה שֶׁנֶּחְלְקָה לְאָרְכָּהּ, טְהוֹרָה. וּלְרָחְבָּהּ, טְמֵאָה. כֻּפָּח שֶׁנֶּחְלַק בֵּין לְאָרְכּוֹ בֵּין לְרָחְבּוֹ, טָהוֹר. חֲצַר הַכִּירָה, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא גְבוֹהָה שָׁלֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת, מִטַּמְּאָה בְמַגָּע וּבַאֲוִיר. פְּחוּתָה מִכָּאן, מִטַּמְּאָה בְמַגָּע וְאֵינָהּ מִטַּמְּאָה בַאֲוִיר. כֵּיצַד מְשַׁעֲרִין אוֹתָהּ. רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר, נוֹתֵן אֶת הַשַּׁפּוּד מִלְמַעְלָן לְמַטָּן וּכְנֶגְדּוֹ מִטַּמְּאָה בַאֲוִיר. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן יַעֲקֹב אוֹמֵר, נִטְמְאָה הַכִּירָה, נִטְמֵאת הֶחָצֵר. נִטְמְאָה הֶחָצֵר, לֹא נִטְמֵאת הַכִּירָה:

A double stove which was split into two parts along its length is clean. Through its breadth is unclean. A single stove which was split into two parts, by its length or by its width, it is not susceptible to impurity. As to the extension around a stove, whenever it is three fingerbreadths high it contracts impurity by contact and also through its air-space, but if it is less it contracts impurity through contact and not through its air- space. How is the air-space determined? Rabbi Ishmael says: He puts a spit from above to below and opposite it contracts impurity through the air-space. Rabbi Eliezer ben Jacob says: if the stove contracted impurity the extension is also unclean, but if the fender contracts impurity the stove does not become unclean.

Mishnah Kelim 7:3 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

נִטַּל אַחַד מֵהֶן, מִטַּמְּאִין בְּמַגָּע וְאֵינָם מִטַּמְּאִים בַּאֲוִיר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַהֵר. עָשָׂה שְׁנַיִם, זֶה כְנֶגֶד זֶה, מִטַּמְּאִין בְּמַגָּע וּבַאֲוִיר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַהֵר. הָיוּ גְבוֹהִין מִשָּׁלֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת, מִשָּׁלֹשׁ וּלְמַטָּן מִטַּמְּאִים בְּמַגָּע וּבַאֲוִיר, מִשָּׁלֹשׁ וּלְמַעְלָן מִטַּמְּאִין בְּמַגָּע וְאֵינָן מִטַּמְּאִין בַּאֲוִיר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַהֵר. הָיוּ מְשׁוּכִים מִן הַשָּׂפָה, בְּתוֹךְ שָׁלֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת, מִטַּמְּאִים בְּמַגָּע וּבַאֲוִיר, חוּץ מִשָּׁלֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת מִטַּמְּאִים בְּמַגָּע וְאֵינָם מִטַּמְּאִים בַּאֲוִיר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מְטַהֵר:

If one of them [i.e. the props] was removed, the remaining ones contract impurity by contact but not through air-space, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Shimon says that they are clean. If originally he made two props, one opposite the other, they contract impurity by contact and through air-space; the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Shimon says that they are clean. If they were more than three fingerbreadths high, the parts that are three fingerbreadths high and below contract impurity by contact and through air-space but the parts that are more than three fingerbreadths high contract impurity by contact and not through air-space; the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Shimon says that they are clean. If they were withdrawn from the rim [of the stove], the parts which are within three fingerbreadths contract impurity by contact and through air-space, and those parts that are removed more than three fingerbreadths contract impurity by contact but not through air-space, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Shimon says that they are clean.

Mishnah Kelim 7:5 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

סְרֵידָה שֶׁהִיא נְתוּנָה עַל פִּי הַתַּנּוּר וְשׁוֹקַעַת לְתוֹכוֹ וְאֵין לָהּ גַּפַּיִם, הַשֶּׁרֶץ בְּתוֹכָהּ, הַתַּנּוּר טָמֵא. הַשֶּׁרֶץ בַּתַּנּוּר, אֳכָלִים שֶׁבְּתוֹכָהּ, טְמֵאִין, שֶׁאֵין מַצִּילִין מִיַּד כְּלִי חֶרֶס אֶלָּא כֵלִים. חָבִית שֶׁהִיא מְלֵאָה מַשְׁקִין טְהוֹרִין, וּנְתוּנָה לְמַטָּה מִנְּחֻשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁל תַּנּוּר, הַשֶּׁרֶץ בַּתַּנּוּר, הֶחָבִית וְהַמַּשְׁקִין טְהוֹרִין. הָיְתָה כְפוּיָה וּפִיהָ לַאֲוִיר הַתַּנּוּר, הַשֶּׁרֶץ בַּתַּנּוּר, מַשְׁקֶה טוֹפֵחַ שֶׁבְּשׁוּלֵי הֶחָבִית טָהוֹר:

Netting placed over the mouth of an oven and slightly sinking into it, and having no frame: If a sheretz was in it, the oven becomes unclean; If the sheretz was in the oven, the food in the netting becomes unclean, since only vessels afford protection against an impurity in an earthen vessel. A jar full of pure liquids placed beneath the bottom of an oven, and a sheretz in the oven – the jar and the liquids remain clean. If it was inverted, with its mouth projecting into the air-space of the oven, and a sheretz was in the oven, the liquid that clings to the sides of the jar remains clean.

Mishnah Kelim 8:3 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

בּוֹר שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ בֵית שְׁפִיתָה, טָמֵא. וְשֶׁל עוֹשֵׂי זְכוּכִית, אִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ בֵית שְׁפִיתָה, טָמֵא. כִּבְשָׁן שֶׁל סַיָּדִין וְשֶׁל זַגָּגִין וְשֶׁל יוֹצְרִים, טְהוֹרָה. פוּרְנָה, אִם יֶשׁ לָהּ לִזְבֵּז, טְמֵאָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אִם יֶשׁ לָהּ אִסְטְגִיּוֹת. רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, אִם יֶשׁ לָהּ שְׂפָיוֹת:

A pit which has a place on which a pot may be set is unclean. And so also an oven of glass-blowers, if it has a place on which a pot may be set, it is unclean. The furnace of lime-burners, or of glaziers, or of potters is clean. A purna: If it has a frame is unclean. Rabbi Judah says: if it has coverings [for compartments.] Rabban Gamaliel says: if it has edges.

Mishnah Kelim 8:9 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

מַגַּע טְמֵא מֵת, שֶׁהָיוּ אֳכָלִין וּמַשְׁקִין לְתוֹךְ פִּיו, הִכְנִיס רֹאשׁוֹ לַאֲוִיר הַתַּנּוּר טָהוֹר, טִמְּאוּהוּ. וְטָהוֹר שֶׁהָיוּ אֳכָלִין וּמַשְׁקִין לְתוֹךְ פִּיו וְהִכְנִיס רֹאשׁוֹ לַאֲוִיר הַתַּנּוּר טָמֵא, נִטְמָאוּ. הָיָה אוֹכֵל דְּבֵלָה בְיָדַיִם מְסֹאָבוֹת, הִכְנִיס יָדוֹ לְתוֹךְ פִּיו לִטֹּל אֶת הַצְּרוֹר, רַבִּי מֵאִיר מְטַמֵּא, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַהֵר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אִם הָפַךְ, טָמֵא. אִם לֹא הָפַךְ, טָהוֹר. הָיָה פֻנְדְּיוֹן לְתוֹךְ פִּיו, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אִם לִצְמָאוֹ, טָמֵא:

If a person who came in contact with one who has contracted corpse impurity had (food liquids in his mouth and he put his head into the air-space of an oven that was clean, they cause the oven to be unclean. If a person who was clean had food or liquids in his mouth and he put his head into the air-space of an oven that was unclean, they become unclean. If a person was eating a pressed fig with impure hands and he put his hand into his mouth to remove a small stone: Rabbi Meir considers the fig to be unclean But Rabbi Judah says it as clean. Rabbi Yose says: if he turned it over [in his mouth] the fig is unclean but if he did not turn it over the fig is clean. If the person had a pondion in his mouth, Rabbi Yose says: if he kept it there to relieve his thirst it becomes unclean.

Mishnah Kelim 8:10 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

מַחַט אוֹ טַבַּעַת שֶׁנִּמְצְאוּ בִנְחֻשְׁתּוֹ שֶׁל תַּנּוּר, נִרְאִין אֲבָל לֹא יוֹצְאִים, אִם אוֹפֶה אֶת הַבָּצֵק וְהוּא נוֹגֵעַ בָּהֶן, טָמֵא. בְּאֵיזֶה בָצֵק אָמְרוּ, בְּבָצֵק הַבֵּינוֹנִי. נִמְצְאוּ בִטְפֵלַת הַתַּנּוּר מֻקָּף צָמִיד פָּתִיל, אִם בְּטָמֵא, טְמֵאִין. וְאִם בְּטָהוֹר, טְהוֹרִים. נִמְצְאוּ בִמְגוּפַת הֶחָבִית, מִצִּדֶּיהָ, טְמֵאִים, מִכְּנֶגֶד פִּיהָ, טְהוֹרִים. נִרְאִין בְּתוֹכָהּ אֲבָל לֹא לַאֲוִירָהּ, טְהוֹרִין. שׁוֹקְעִים בְּתוֹכָהּ וְתַחְתֵּיהֶם כִּקְלִפַּת הַשּׁוּם, טְהוֹרִין:

If a needle or a ring was found in the ground of an oven, and they can be seen but they don't stick out into the oven, if one bakes dough and it touches them, the [oven] is unclean. Regarding which dough did they speak? Medium dough. If they are found in the plaster of an oven with a tightly fitting lid: If the oven is unclean, they are unclean, If the oven is clean, they are clean. If they are found in the stopper of a jar: If on the sides, they are unclean. If opposite the mouth, they are clean. If they can be seen in it, but they do not enter its airspace, they are clean. If they sink into it, and there is [plaster] underneath them as thick as garlic peel, they are clean.

Mishnah Kelim 9:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַגֶּפֶת וְהַזַּגִּין שֶׁנַּעֲשׂוּ בְטָהֳרָה וְהָלְכוּ עֲלֵיהֶם טְמֵאִים, וְאַחַר כָּךְ יָצְאוּ מֵהֶן מַשְׁקִין, טְהוֹרִין, שֶׁמִּתְּחִלָּתָן נַעֲשׂוּ בְטָהֳרָה. כּוּשׁ שֶׁבָּלַע אֶת הַצִּנּוֹרָא, מַלְמָד שֶׁבָּלַע אֶת הַדָּרְבָן, לְבֵנָה שֶׁבָּלְעָה אֶת הַטַּבַּעַת, וְהֵן טְהוֹרִים, נִכְנְסוּ לְאֹהֶל הַמֵּת, נִטְמָאוּ. הֱסִיטָן הַזָּב, נִטְמָאוּ. נָפְלוּ לַאֲוִיר הַתַּנּוּר טָהוֹר, טִמְּאוּהוּ. נָגַע בָּהֶן כִּכָּר שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה, טָהוֹר:

If olive peat or grape skins had been prepared in conditions of cleanness, and unclean persons trod upon them and afterwards liquids emerged from them, they remain clean, since they had originally been prepared in conditions of cleanness. If a spindle hook was sunk into the spindle, or the iron point into the ox goad, or a ring into a brick, and all these were clean, and then they were brought into a tent in which was a corpse, they become unclean. If a zav caused them to move they become unclean. If they then fell into the air-space of a clean oven, they cause it to be unclean. If a loaf of terumah came in contact with them, it remains clean.

Mishnah Kelim 9:6 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

תַּנּוּר שֶׁנִּקַּב מֵעֵינוֹ, שִׁעוּרוֹ מְלֹא כוּשׁ נִכְנָס וְיוֹצֵא דּוֹלֵק. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שֶׁלֹּא דוֹלֵק. נִקַּב מִצִּדּוֹ, שִׁעוּרוֹ כִמְלֹא כוּשׁ נִכְנָס וְיוֹצֵא שֶׁלֹּא דוֹלֵק. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, דּוֹלֵק. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, מִן הָאֶמְצָע, נִכְנָס. מִן הַצַּד, אֵינוֹ נִכְנָס. וְכֵן הָיָה אוֹמֵר בִּמְגוּפַת הֶחָבִית שֶׁנִּקְּבָה, שִׁעוּרָהּ מְלֹא מִיצָה שְׁנִיָּה שֶׁל שִׁיפוֹן. מִן הָאֶמְצָע, נִכְנָס. מִן הַצַּד, אֵינוֹ נִכְנָס. וְכֵן הָיָה אוֹמֵר בַּחֲצָבִים גְּדוֹלִים שֶׁנִּקְּבוּ, שִׁעוּרָם מְלֹא מִיצָה שְׁנִיָּה שֶׁל קָנֶה. מִן הָאֶמְצָע, נִכְנָס. מִן הַצַּד, אֵינוֹ נִכְנָס. בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בִּזְמַן שֶׁנַּעֲשׂוּ לְיַיִן, אֲבָל אִם נַעֲשׂוּ לִשְׁאָר מַשְׁקִין, אֲפִלּוּ כָל שֶׁהוּא, טְמֵאִים. בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בִּזְמַן שֶׁלֹּא נַעֲשׂוּ בִידֵי אָדָם. אֲבָל אִם נַעֲשׂוּ בִידֵי אָדָם, אֲפִלּוּ כָל שֶׁהוּא, טְמֵאִים. נִקְּבוּ, הֶעָשׂוּי לָאֳכָלִים, שִׁעוּרָן בְּזֵיתִים. הֶעָשׂוּי לְמַשְׁקִים, שִׁעוּרָן בְּמַשְׁקִים. הֶעָשׂוּי לְכָךְ וּלְכָךְ, מַטִּילִים אוֹתוֹ לְחֻמְרוֹ, בְּצָמִיד פָּתִיל וּבְכוֹנֵס מַשְׁקֶה:

If there was a hole in the "eye" of an oven, the minimum size [for it to leave the category of being tightly closed] is the circumference of a burning spindle staff that can enter and come out [without being extinguished]. Rabbi Judah says: one that is not burning. If the hole appeared at its side, the minimum size must be that of the circumference of a spindle staff that can enter and come out while it is not burning. Rabbi Judah says: while burning. Rabbi Shimon says: if the hole is in the middle its size must be such that a spindle staff can enter it, but if it was at the side it need only be such as the spindle staff cannot actually enter. And similarly he used to rule concerning the stopper of a jar in which a hole appeared: the minimum size is the circumference of the second knot in an oat stalk. If the hole was in the middle the stalk should be able to enter, and if at the side it need not be able to enter. And similarly he used to rule concerning large stone jars in the stoppers of which appeared a hole. The minimum size is the circumference of the second knot in a reed. If the hole was in the middle the reed must be able to enter it, and if it was at the side the reed need not be able to enter it. When is this so? When the jars were made for wine, but if they were made for other liquids, if they have even the smallest hole, they are unclean. When is this so? When the holes were not made by a person, but if they were made by a person, if they have even the smallest hole, they are unclean. If a hole appeared [in other vessels its prescribed size ] is as follows: if the vessel was used for food, [the hole must be one] through which olives can fall out; if for liquids, one that lets out liquids; If for either, the greater restriction is imposed [even with regard to the issue of] a tightly fitting cover [the size of the hole need only be] one that admits a liquid.

Mishnah Kelim 9:8 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

אֵלּוּ כֵלִים מַצִּילִין בְּצָמִיד פָּתִיל, כְּלֵי גְלָלִים, כְּלֵי אֲבָנִים, כְּלֵי אֲדָמָה, כְּלֵי חֶרֶס, וּכְלֵי נֶתֶר, עַצְמוֹת הַדָּג וְעוֹרוֹ, עַצְמוֹת חַיָּה שֶׁבַּיָּם וְעוֹרָהּ, וּכְלֵי עֵץ הַטְּהוֹרִים. מַצִּילִים בֵּין מִפִּיהֶם בֵּין מִצִּדֵּיהֶן, בֵּין יוֹשְׁבִין עַל שׁוּלֵיהֶן בֵּין מֻטִּין עַל צִדֵּיהֶן. הָיוּ כְפוּיִים עַל פִּיהֶן, מַצִּילִים כֹּל שֶׁתַּחְתֵּיהֶן עַד הַתְּהוֹם. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַמֵּא. עַל הַכֹּל מַצִּילִין, חוּץ מִכְּלֵי חֶרֶס, שֶׁאֵינוֹ מַצִּיל אֶלָּא עַל הָאֳכָלִים וְעַל הַמַּשְׁקִין וְעַל כְּלֵי חָרֶס:

The following vessels protect their contents when they have a tightly fitting cover: those made of cattle dung, of stone, of clay, of earthenware, of sodium carbonate, of the bones of a fish or of its skin, or of the bones of any animal of the sea or of its skin, and wooden vessels that are always clean. They protect whether the covers close their mouths or their sides, whether they stand on their bottoms or lean on their sides. If they were turned over with their mouths downwards they afford protection to all that is beneath them to the nethermost deep. Rabbi Eliezer declares this unclean. These protect everything, except that an earthen vessel protects only foods, liquids and earthen vessels.

Mishnah Kelim 10:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

בַּמֶּה מַקִּיפִים. בְּסִיד וּבְגִפְּסִיס, בְּזֶפֶת וּבְשַׁעֲוָה, בְּטִיט וּבְצוֹאָה, בְּחֹמֶר וּבְחַרְסִית, וּבְכָל דָּבָר הַמִּתְמָרֵחַ. אֵין מַקִּיפִים לֹא בְּבַעַץ וְלֹא בְעוֹפֶרֶת, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא פָתִיל וְאֵינוֹ צָמִיד. אֵין מַקִּיפִין לֹא בִדְבֵלָה שְׁמֵנָה, וְלֹא בְּבָצֵק שֶׁנִּלּוֹשׁ בְּמֵי פֵרוֹת, שֶׁלֹּא יְבִיאֶנּוּ לִידֵי פְסוּל. וְאִם הִקִּיף, הִצִּיל:

How may it be tightly covered? With lime or gypsum, pitch or wax, mud or excrement, crude clay or potter's clay, or any substance that is used for plastering. One may not make a tightly fitting cover with tin or with lead because though it is a covering, it is not tightly fitting. One may not make a tightly fitting cover with swollen fig-cakes or with dough that was kneaded with fruit juice, since it might cause it to become unfit. If he did make a tightly fitting cover [from such material] it protects.

Mishnah Kelim 10:2 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

לְפָסִין זוֹ בְתוֹךְ זוֹ וְשִׂפְתוֹתֵיהֶן שָׁווֹת, הַשֶּׁרֶץ בָּעֶלְיוֹנָה אוֹ בַתַּחְתּוֹנָה, הִיא טְמֵאָה וְכֻלָּן טְהוֹרוֹת. הָיוּ בְכוֹנֵס מַשְׁקֶה, הַשֶּׁרֶץ בָּעֶלְיוֹנָה, כֻּלָּן טְמֵאוֹת. בַּתַּחְתּוֹנָה, הִיא טְמֵאָה וְכֻלָּן טְהוֹרוֹת. הַשֶּׁרֶץ בָּעֶלְיוֹנָה, וְהַתַּחְתּוֹנָה עוֹדֶפֶת, הִיא וְהַתַּחְתּוֹנָה טְמֵאָה. בָּעֶלְיוֹנָה, וְהַתַּחְתּוֹנָה עוֹדֶפֶת, כֹּל שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ מַשְׁקֶה טוֹפֵחַ, טְמֵאָה:

If [earthenware] pans were placed one within the other and their rims were on the same level, and there was a sheretz in the upper one or in the lower one, that pan alone becomes unclean but all the others remain clean. If [they were perforated] to the extent of admitting a liquid, and the sheretz was in the uppermost one, all become unclean. If in the lowest one, that one is unclean while the others remain clean. If the sheretz was in the uppermost one and the lowest projected above it, both are unclean. If the sheretz was in the uppermost one and the lowest projected above it, any one that contained dripping liquid becomes unclean.

Mishnah Kelim 10:8 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הָעוֹשֶׂה כֵלִים מִן הָעֶשֶׁת, וּמִן הַחֲרָרָה, וּמִן הַסּוֹבֵב שֶׁל גַּלְגַּל, וּמִן הַטַּסִּין, וּמִן הַצִּפּוּיִין, מִכַּנֵּי כֵלִים, וּמֵאֹגְנֵי כֵלִים, מֵאָזְנֵי כֵלִים, מִן הַשְּׁחוֹלֶת, וּמִן הַגְּרוּדוֹת, טְהוֹרִין. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי אוֹמֵר, אַף מִן הַקְּצוּצוֹת. מִשִּׁבְרֵי כֵלִים, מִן הַגְּרוּטִים, וּמִן הַמַּסְמְרוֹת, שֶׁיָּדוּעַ שֶׁנַּעֲשׂוּ מִכְּלִי, טְמֵאִין. מִן הַמַּסְמְרוֹת, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי מְטַמְּאִין, וּבֵית הִלֵּל מְטַהֲרִין:

If vessels are made from iron ore, from smelted iron, from the hoop of a wheel, from sheets, from plating, from the bases, rims or handles of vessels, from chippings or filings, they are clean. Rabbi Yohanan ben Nuri says: even those made of pieces of vessels. From [vessels that are made] of fragments of vessels, from pieces of old vessels, or from nails that were known to have been made from vessels, are unclean. [If they were made] from ordinary nails: Bet Shammai says: they are unclean, And Bet Hillel says that they are clean.

Mishnah Kelim 11:3 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

בַּרְזֶל טָמֵא שֶׁבְּלָלוֹ עִם בַּרְזֶל טָהוֹר, אִם רֹב מִן הַטָּמֵא, טָמֵא. וְאִם רֹב מִן הַטָּהוֹר, טָהוֹר. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה, טָמֵא. וְכֵן מִן הַחֲלָמָא וּמִן הַגְּלָלִים. קְלוֹסְטְרָא, טְמֵאָה. וּמְצֻפָּה, טְהוֹרָה. הַפִּין, וְהַפּוּרְנָה, טְמֵאִין. וְהַקְּלוֹסְטְרָא, רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, שׁוֹמְטָהּ מִפֶּתַח זֶה וְתוֹלָהּ בַּחֲבֵרוֹ בְּשַׁבָּת. רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן אוֹמֵר, הֲרֵי הִיא לוֹ כְּכָל הַכֵּלִים, וּמִטַּלְטֶלֶת בֶּחָצֵר:

If unclean iron was smelted together with clean iron and the greater part was from the unclean iron, [the vessel made of the mixture] is unclean; If the greater part was from the clean iron, the vessel is clean. If each was half, it is unclean. The same law also applies to a mixture of cement and cattle dung. A door bolt is susceptible to impurity, but [one of wood] that is only plated with metal is not susceptible to impurity. The clutch and the crosspiece [of a lock] are susceptible to impurity. A door-bolt: Rabbi Joshua says: he may remove it from one door and hang it on another on Shabbat. Rabbi Tarfon says: it is like all other vessels and may be carried about in a courtyard.

Mishnah Kelim 11:4 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

קַסְדָּא, טְמֵאָה. וּלְחָיַיִם, טְהוֹרִים. אִם יֵשׁ בָּהֶן בֵּית קִבּוּל מַיִם, טְמֵאִים. כָּל כְּלֵי הַמִּלְחָמָה, טְמֵאִים. הַכִּידוֹן, הַנִּיקוֹן, וְהַמַּגָּפַיִן, וְהַשִּׁרְיוֹן, טְמֵאִין. כָּל תַּכְשִׁיטֵי נָשִׁים, טְמֵאִים. עִיר שֶׁל זָהָב, קַטְלָיוֹת, נְזָמִים וְטַבָּעוֹת, וְטַבַּעַת, בֵּין שֶׁיֶּשׁ לָהּ חוֹתָם וּבֵין שֶׁאֵין לָהּ חוֹתָם, נִזְמֵי הָאָף. קַטְלָה שֶׁחֻלְיוֹת שֶׁלָּהּ שֶׁל מַתָּכוֹת בְּחוּט שֶׁל פִּשְׁתָּן אוֹ שֶׁל צֶמֶר, נִפְסַק הַחוּט, הַחֻלְיוֹת טְמֵאוֹת, שֶׁכָּל אַחַת וְאַחַת כְּלִי בִפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ. חוּט שֶׁל מַתָּכוֹת, וְחֻלְיוֹת שֶׁל אֲבָנִים טוֹבוֹת וּמַרְגָּלִיּוֹת, וְשֶׁל זְכוּכִית, נִשְׁתַּבְּרוּ הַחֻלְיוֹת, הַחוּט בִּפְנֵי עַצְמוֹ קַיָּם, טָמֵא. שְׁיָרֵי קַטְלָא, כִּמְלֹא צַוַּאר קְטַנָּה. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ טַבַּעַת אַחַת, טְמֵאָה, שֶׁכֵּן תּוֹלִין בַּצַּוָּאר:

A helmet is susceptible to impurity but the cheek-pieces are clean, But if they have a receptacle for water they are susceptible to impurity. All weapons of war are susceptible to impurity: a javelin, a spear-head, metal boots, and a breastplate are susceptible to impurity. All women's ornaments are susceptible to impurity: a golden city (a tiara), a necklace, ear-rings, finger-rings, a ring whether it has a seal or does not have a seal, and nose-rings. If a necklace has metal beads on a thread of flax or wool and the thread broke, the beads are still susceptible to impurity, since each one is a vessel in itself. If the thread was of metal and the beads were of precious stones or pearls or glass, and the beads were broken while the thread alone remained, it is still susceptible to impurity. The remnant of a necklace [is susceptible] as long as there is enough for the neck of a little girl. Rabbi Eliezer says: even if only one ring remained it is unclean, since it also is hung around the neck.

Mishnah Kelim 11:8 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

טַבַּעַת אָדָם, טְמֵאָה. טַבַּעַת בְּהֵמָה וְכֵלִים וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַטַּבָּעוֹת, טְהוֹרוֹת. קוֹרַת הַחִצִּים, טְמֵאָה. וְשֶׁל אֲסִירִין, טְהוֹרָה. הַקּוֹלָר, טְמֵאָה. שַׁלְשֶׁלֶת שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ בֵּית נְעִילָה, טְמֵאָה. הָעֲשׂוּיָה לִכְפִיתָה, טְהוֹרָה. שַׁלְשֶׁלֶת שֶׁל סִיטוֹנוֹת, טְמֵאָה, שֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי בָתִּים טְהוֹרָה. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, אֵימָתַי, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא מַפְתֵּחַ אֶחָד, אֲבָל אִם הָיוּ שְׁנַיִם, אוֹ שֶׁקָּשַׁר חִלָּזוֹן בְּרֹאשָׁהּ, טְמֵאָה:

A man's ring is susceptible to impurity. A ring for cattle or for vessels and all other rings are clean. A beam for arrows is susceptible to impurity, but one for prisoners is clean. A prisoner's collar is susceptible to impurity. A chain that has a lock-piece is susceptible to impurity. But that used for tying up cattle is clean. The chain used by wholesalers is susceptible to impurity. That used by householders is clean. Rabbi Yose said: When is this so? When it attaches to one door, but if it attaches to two doors or if it had a snail[-shaped] piece at its end it is susceptible to impurity.

Mishnah Kelim 12:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

קְנֵה מֹאזְנַיִם שֶׁל סָרוֹקוֹת, טָמֵא, מִפְּנֵי אֻנְקְלָיוֹת. וְשֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי בָתִּים, אִם יֶשׁ בּוֹ אֻנְקְלָיוֹת, טָמֵא. אֻנְקְלִין שֶׁל כַּתָּפִין, טְהוֹרָה. וְשֶׁל רוֹכְלִים, טְמֵאָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שֶׁל רוֹכְלִים, שֶׁלְּפָנָיו טְמֵאָה, וְשֶׁלְּאַחֲרָיו טְהוֹרָה. אֻנְקְלִי דַרְגָּשׁ, טְמֵאָה. וְשֶׁל נַקְלִיטִין, טְהוֹרָה. שֶׁל שִׁדָּה, טְמֵאָה. וְשֶׁל אָקוֹן, טְהוֹרָה. שֶׁל שֻׁלְחָן, טָמֵא. שֶׁל מְנוֹרַת הָעֵץ, טָהוֹר. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כָּל הַמְחֻבָּר לַטָּמֵא, טָמֵא. וְהַמְחֻבָּר לַטָּהוֹר, טָהוֹר. וְכֻלָּן, אַחַת אַחַת בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָן, טְהוֹרוֹת:

The beam of a wool-combers’ balance is susceptible to impurity on account of the hooks. And that of a householder, if it has hooks is also susceptible to impurity. The hooks of porters are clean but those of peddlers are susceptible to impurity. Rabbi Judah says: in the case of the peddlers' [hooks], [the hook] that is in front is susceptible to impurity but that which is behind is clean. The hook of a couch is susceptible to impurity but that of bed poles is clean. [The hook of] a chest is susceptible to impurity but that of a fish trap is clean. That of a table is susceptible to impurity but that of a wooden candlestick is clean. This is the general rule: any hook that is attached to a susceptible vessel is susceptible to impurity, but one that is attached to a vessel that is not susceptible to impurity is clean. All these, however, are by themselves clean.

Mishnah Kelim 12:2 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הָאוֹלָר, וְהַקֻּלְמוֹס, וְהַמְּטוּטֶלֶת, וְהַמִּשְׁקָלוֹת, וְהַכּוּרִים, וְהַכַּן, וְהַכַּנָּא, טְמֵאִים. וְכָל גֹּלְמֵי כְלֵי עֵץ, טְמֵאִים, חוּץ מִשֶּׁל אֶשְׁכְּרוֹעַ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף גְּרוֹפִית שֶׁל זַיִת, טְהוֹרָה, עַד שֶׁתִּשָּׁלֵק:

A pen-knife, a writing pen, a plummet, a weight, pressing plates, a measuring-rod, and a measuring-table are susceptible to impurity. All unfinished wooden vessels also are susceptible to impurity, excepting those made of boxwood. Rabbi Judah says: one made of an olive-tree branch is also clean unless it was first heated.

Mishnah Kelim 12:8 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַסַּיִף, וְהַסַּכִּין, וְהַפִּגְיוֹן, וְהָרֹמַח, מַגַּל יָד וּמַגַּל קָצִיר, וְהַשְּׁחוֹר וְזוּג שֶׁל סַפָּרִים, שֶׁנֶּחֱלְקוּ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִין. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, הַסָּמוּךְ לַיָּד, טָמֵא. וְהַסָּמוּךְ לָרֹאשׁ, טָהוֹר. מִסְפֶּרֶת שֶׁנֶּחְלְקָה לִשְׁנַיִם, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין:

The sword, knife, dagger, spear, hand-sickle, harvest-sickle, clipper, and barbers’ whose component parts were separated, are susceptible to impurity. Rabbi Yose says: the part that is near the hand is susceptible to impurity, but that which is near the top is clean. The two parts of shears which were separated: Rabbi Judah says: they are still susceptible to impurity; But the sages say that they are clean.

Mishnah Kelim 13:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

מַגְרֵפָה שֶׁנִּטְּלָה כַפָּהּ, טְמֵאָה מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא כְקֻרְנָס, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. מְגֵרָה שֶׁנִּטְּלוּ שִׁנֶּיהָ אַחַת מִבֵּינְתַיִם, טְהוֹרָה. נִשְׁתַּיֵּר בָּהּ מְלֹא הַסִּיט בְּמָקוֹם אֶחָד, טְמֵאָה. הַמַּעֲצָד וְהָאִזְמֵל וְהַמַּפְסֶלֶת וְהַמַּקְדֵּחַ, שֶׁנִּפְגְּמוּ, טְמֵאִים. נִטַּל חִסּוּמָן, טְהוֹרִין. וְכֻלָּן שֶׁנֶּחְלְקוּ לִשְׁנַיִם, טְמֵאִים, חוּץ מִן הַמַּקְדֵּחַ. וְהָרוּקְנִי בִפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ, טְהוֹרָה:

An ash-shovel whose spoon was missing is still susceptible to impurity, since it is still like a hammer, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the sages rule that it is clean. A saw whose teeth are missing one in every two is clean. But if a hasit length of consecutive teeth remained it is susceptible to impurity. An adze, scalpel, plane, or drill that was damaged remains susceptible to impurity, but if its steel edge was missing it is clean. In all these cases if it was split into two parts both remain susceptible to impurity, except for the drill. The block of a plane by itself is clean.

Mishnah Kelim 13:4 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

מַחַט שֶׁנִּטַּל חֲרִירָהּ אוֹ עֻקְצָהּ, טְהוֹרָה. אִם הִתְקִינָהּ לְמִתּוּחַ, טְמֵאָה. שֶׁל סַקָּיִין שֶׁנִּטַּל חֲרִירָהּ, טְמֵאָה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא כוֹתֵב בָּהּ. נִטַּל עֻקְצָהּ, טְהוֹרָה. שֶׁל מִתּוּחַ, בֵּין כָּךְ וּבֵין כָּךְ טְמֵאָה. מַחַט שֶׁהֶעֶלְתָה חֲלֻדָּה, אִם מְעַכֶּבֶת אֶת הַתְּפִירָה, טְהוֹרָה. וְאִם לָאו, טְמֵאָה. צִנּוֹרָא שֶׁפְּשָׁטָהּ, טְהוֹרָה. כְּפָפָהּ, חָזְרָה לְטֻמְאָתָהּ:

A needle whose eye or point is missing is clean. If he adapted it to be a stretching-pin it is susceptible to impurity. A pack-needle whose eye was missing is still susceptible to impurity since one writes with it. If its point was missing it is clean. A stretching-pin is in either case susceptible to impurity. A needle that has become rusty: If this hinders it from sewing it is clean, But if not it remains susceptible to impurity. A hook that was straightened out is clean. If it is bent back it resumes its susceptibility to impurity.

Mishnah Kelim 13:5 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַקַּנְטָר שֶׁל בַּנַּאי, וְהַדָּקוֹר שֶׁל חָרָשׁ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִין. יִתְדוֹת אֹהָלִים וְיִתְדוֹת הַמָּשׁוֹחוֹת, טְמֵאוֹת. שַׁלְשֶׁלֶת שֶׁל מָשׁוֹחוֹת, טְמֵאָה. הָעֲשׂוּיָה לָעֵצִים, טְהוֹרָה. שַׁלְשֶׁלֶת דְּלִי גָדוֹל, אַרְבָּעָה טְפָחִים. וְשֶׁל קָטָן, עֲשָׂרָה. חֲמוֹר שֶׁל נַפָּחִין, טָמֵא. מְגֵרָה שֶׁעָשָׂה שִׁנֶּיהָ בְתוֹךְ הַחוֹר, טְמֵאָה. עֲשָׂאָהּ מִלְּמַטָּן לְמַעְלָן, טְהוֹרָה. וְכָל הַכְּסוּיִן טְהוֹרִים, חוּץ מִשֶּׁל מֵחָם:

A builder's staff and a carpenter's axes are susceptible to impurity. Tent-pegs and surveyors’ pegs are susceptible to impurity. A surveyor's chain is susceptible to impurity, but one used for wood is clean. The chain of a big bucket [is susceptible to impurity to a length of] four handbreadths, and that of a small one [to a length of] ten handbreadths. A blacksmith's jack is susceptible to impurity. A saw whose teeth were made in a hole susceptible to impurity, but if they were turned from below upwards it is clean. All covers are clean except that of a boiler.

Mishnah Kelim 14:3 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַטְּהוֹרִין שֶׁבָּעֲגָלָה, הָעֹל הַמְצֻפֶּה, כְּנָפַיִם הָעֲשׂוּיוֹת לְנוֹי, וּשְׁפוֹפָרוֹת הַמַּשְׁמִיעוֹת אֶת הַקּוֹל, וְהָאֲבָר שֶׁבְּצַד צַוְּארֵי בְהֵמָה, הַסּוֹבֵב שֶׁל גַּלְגַּל, הַטַּסִּים, וְהַצִּפּוּיִים, וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַמַּסְמְרוֹת, טְהוֹרִין. סַנְדְּלֵי בְהֵמָה שֶׁל מַתָּכוֹת, טְמֵאִין. שֶׁל שַׁעַם, טְהוֹרִין. הַסַּיִף מֵאֵימָתַי מְקַבֵּל טֻמְאָה, מִשֶּׁיְּשׁוּפֶנּוּ. וְהַסַּכִּין, מִשֶּׁיַשְׁחִיזֶנָּה:

The clean parts of a wagon are the following: the yoke that is only plated [with metal], side-pieces made for ornamentation, tubes that give out a noise, the lead at the side of the necks of the cattle, the rim of the wheel, the plates and mountings, and all other nails, all of these are clean. Metal shoes of cattle are susceptible to impurity but those made of cork are clean. When does a sword become susceptible to impurity? When it has been polished. And a knife? When it has been sharpened.

Mishnah Kelim 14:5 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

מַפְתֵּחַ שֶׁל אַרְכֻּבָּה שֶׁנִּשְׁבַּר מִתּוֹךְ אַרְכֻּבָּתוֹ, טָהוֹר, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַמֵּא, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא פוֹתֵחַ בּוֹ מִבִּפְנִים. וְשֶׁל גַּם שֶׁנִּשְׁבַּר מִתּוֹךְ גֻּמּוֹ, טָהוֹר. הָיוּ בוֹ חָפִין וּנְקָבִין, טָמֵא. נִטְּלוּ חָפִין, טָמֵא מִפְּנֵי נְקָבִין. נִסְתַּתְּמוּ נְקָבִין, טָמֵא מִפְּנֵי חָפִין. נִטְּלוּ חָפִין וְנִסְתַּתְּמוּ נְקָבִין, אוֹ שֶׁפָּרְצוּ זֶה לְתוֹךְ זֶה, טָהוֹר. מְסַנֶּנֶת שֶׁל חַרְדָּל שֶׁנִּפְרְצוּ בָהּ שְׁלֹשָׁה נְקָבִים מִלְּמַטָּן זֶה לְתוֹךְ זֶה, טְהוֹרָה. וְהָאֲפַרְכֵּס שֶׁל מַתָּכוֹת, טְמֵאָה:

A knee-shaped key that was broken off at the knee is clean. Rabbi Judah says that it is unclean because one can open with it from within. A gamma-shaped key that was broken off at its shorter arm is clean. If it retained the teeth and the gaps it remains unclean. If the teeth were missing it is still unclean on account of the gaps; if the gaps were blocked up it is unclean on account of the teeth. If the teeth were missing and the gaps were blocked up, or if they were merged into one another, it is clean. If in a mustard-strainer three holes in its bottom were merged into one another the strainer is clean. A metal mill-funnel is unclean.

Mishnah Kelim 14:8 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

כְּלֵי עֵץ, כְּלֵי עוֹר, כְּלֵי עֶצֶם, כְּלֵי זְכוּכִית, פְּשׁוּטֵיהֶן טְהוֹרִין, וּמְקַבְּלֵיהֶן טְמֵאִים. נִשְׁבְּרוּ, טָהָרוּ. חָזַר וְעָשָׂה מֵהֶן כֵּלִים, מְקַבְּלִין טֻמְאָה מִכָּאן וּלְהַבָּא. הַשִּׁדָּה, וְהַתֵּבָה, וְהַמִּגְדָּל, כַּוֶּרֶת הַקַּשׁ, וְכַוֶּרֶת הַקָּנִים, וּבוֹר סְפִינָה אֲלֶכְּסַנְדְּרִית, שֶׁיֶּשׁ לָהֶם שׁוּלַיִם, וְהֵן מַחֲזִיקִין אַרְבָּעִים סְאָה בְלַח, שֶׁהֵם כּוֹרַיִם בְּיָבֵשׁ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְהוֹרִין. וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַכֵּלִים, בֵּין מְקַבְּלִין, בֵּין אֵינָם מְקַבְּלִין, טְמֵאִין, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, דַּרְדּוּר עֲגָלָה, וְקֻסְטוֹת הַמְּלָכִים, וַעֲרֵבַת הָעַבְּדָנִין, וּבוֹר סְפִינָה קְטַנָּה, וְהָאָרוֹן, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמְּקַבְּלִין, טְמֵאִין, שֶׁאֵינָן עֲשׂוּיִן לִטַּלְטֵל אֶלָּא בְמַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכָן. וּשְׁאָר כָּל הַכֵּלִים, הַמְּקַבְּלִים, טְהוֹרִין, וְשֶׁאֵינָן מְקַבְּלִין, טְמֵאִין. אֵין בֵּין דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר לְדִבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אֶלָּא עֲרֵבַת בַּעַל הַבָּיִת:

Vessels of wood, leather, bone or glass: those that are flat are clean and those that form a receptacle are susceptible to impurity. If they are broken they become clean again. If one remade them into vessels they are susceptible to impurity henceforth. A chest, a box, a cupboard, a straw basket, a reed basket, or the tank of an Alexandrian ship, that have flat bottoms and can hold a minimum of forty se'ah in liquid measure which represent two kor in dry measure, are clean. All other vessels whether they can contain the minimum or cannot contain it, are susceptible to impurity, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Judah says: the tub of a wagon, the food chests of kings, the tanners trough, the tank of a small ship, and an ark, even though they are able to contain the minimum, are susceptible to impurity, since they are intended to be moved about with their contents. As to all other vessels, those that can contain the minimum are clean and those that cannot contain it are susceptible to impurity. There is no difference between Rabbi Meir and Rabbi Judah except a baking trough which belongs to a householder.

Mishnah Kelim 15:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

אֲרוּבוֹת שֶׁל נַחְתּוֹמִים, טְמֵאוֹת. וְשֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי בָתִּים, טְהוֹרוֹת. סֵרְקָן אוֹ כִרְכְּמָן, טְמֵאוֹת. דַּף שֶׁל נַחְתּוֹמִין שֶׁקְּבָעוֹ בַכֹּתֶל, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מְטַהֵר, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִים. סְרוֹד שֶׁל נַחְתּוֹמִין, טָמֵא. וְשֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי בָתִּים, טָהוֹר. גִּפְּפוֹ מֵאַרְבַּע רוּחוֹתָיו, טָמֵא. נִפְרַץ מֵרוּחַ אַחַת, טָהוֹר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אִם הִתְקִינוֹ לִהְיוֹת קוֹרֵץ עָלָיו, טָמֵא. וְכֵן הַמַּעֲרוֹךְ, טָמֵא:

Bakers’ baking-boards are susceptible to impurity, but those used by householders are clean. But if he dyed them red or saffron they are susceptible to impurity. If a bakers’ shelf was fixed to a wall: Rabbi Eliezer rules that it is clean And the sages rule that it is susceptible to impurity. The bakers' frame is susceptible to impurity but one used by householders is clean. If he made a rim on its four sides it is susceptible to impurity, but if one side was open it is clean. Rabbi Shimon says: if he fixed it so that one can cut the dough upon it, it is susceptible to impurity. Similarly, a rolling-pin is susceptible to impurity.

Mishnah Kelim 15:2 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

נִבְלֵי הַשָּׁרָה, טְמֵאִין. וְנִבְלֵי בְנֵי לֵוִי, טְהוֹרִין. כָּל הַמַּשְׁקִין, טְמֵאִין. וּמַשְׁקֵה בֵית מַטְבְּחַיָּא, טְהוֹרִין. כָּל הַסְּפָרִים מְטַמְּאִין אֶת הַיָּדַיִם, חוּץ מִסֵּפֶר הָעֲזָרָה. הַמַּרְכּוֹף, טָהוֹר. הַבַּטְנוֹן, וְהַנִּקְטְמוֹן, וְהָאֵרוּס, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִים. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הָאֵרוּס טָמֵא מוֹשָׁב, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהָאַלָּיִת יוֹשֶׁבֶת עָלָיו. מְצֻדַּת הַחֻלְדָּה, טְמֵאָה. וְשֶׁל הָעַכְבָּרִין, טְהוֹרָה:

Ordinary harps are susceptible to impurity, but the harps of Levites are clean. All liquids are susceptible to impurity, but the liquids in the Temple slaughtering house are clean. All scrolls convey impurity to the hands, excepting the scroll of the Temple courtyard. A wooden toy horse is clean. The belly-lute, the donkey-shaped musical instrument and the erus are susceptible to impurity. Rabbi Judah says: the erus is susceptible to sitting impurity since the wailing woman sits on it. A weasel-trap is susceptible to impurity, but a mouse- trap is clean.

Mishnah Kelim 15:6 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

כָּל כְּלִי עֵץ שֶׁנֶּחֱלַק לִשְׁנַיִם, טָהוֹר, חוּץ מִשֻּׁלְחָן הַכָּפוּל, וְתַמְחוּי הַמִּזְנוֹן, וְהָאֱפִיפוֹרִין שֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי הַבָּיִת. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף הַמָּגֵס, וְקוֹד הַבַּבְלִי כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהֶן. כְּלֵי עֵץ, מֵאֵימָתַי מְקַבְּלִין טֻמְאָה. הַמִּטָּה וְהָעֲרִיסָה, מִשֶּׁיְּשׁוּפֵם בְּעוֹר הַדָּג. גָּמַר שֶׁלֹּא לָשׁוּף, טְמֵאָה. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, הַמִּטָּה, מִשֶּׁיְּסָרֵג בָּהּ שְׁלֹשָׁה בָתִּים:

A wooden vessel that was broken into two parts becomes clean, except for a folding table, a dish with compartments for [different kinds of] food, and a householder's footstool. Rabbi Judah says: a double dish and a Babylonian drinking vessel are subject to the same law. When do wooden vessels begin to be susceptible to impurity? A bed and a cot, after they are sanded with fishskin. If the owner determined not to sand them over they are susceptible to impurity. Rabbi Meir says: a bed becomes susceptible to impurity as soon as three rows of meshes have been knitted in it.

Mishnah Kelim 16:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַמַּלְקוֹט שֶׁל בָּקָר, וְהֶחָסִים שֶׁלּוֹ, וְהַמַּדָּף שֶׁל דְּבוֹרִים, וְהַמְּנָפָה, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְהוֹרִין. כְּסוּי שֶׁל קֻפְסָא, טָמֵא. כְּסוּי קַמְטְרָא, טָהוֹר. כְּסוּי תֵּבָה, כְּסוּי טֶנִי, וְהַמַּכְבֵּשׁ שֶׁל חָרָשׁ, וְהַכֶּסֶת שֶׁתַּחַת הַתֵּבָה, וְהַקִּמְרוֹן שֶׁלָּהּ, וְאַנְגְּלִין שֶׁל סֵפֶר, בֵּית הַנֶּגֶר, בֵּית הַמַּנְעוּל, וּבֵית הַמְּזוּזָה, וְתִיק נְבָלִין, וְתִיק כִּנּוֹרֶת, וְהָאֵמוּם שֶׁל גּוֹדְלֵי מִצְנָפוֹת, וְהַמַּרְכּוֹף שֶׁל זַמָּר, וּרְבִיעִית שֶׁל אַלָּיִת, וּגְנוֹגְנִית הֶעָנִי, וְסָמוֹכוֹת הַמִּטָּה, וּטְפוּס שֶׁל תְּפִלָּה, וְאֵמוּם שֶׁל עוֹשֵׂה סוּתוֹת, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְהוֹרִים. זֶה הַכְּלָל, אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, כָּל מְשַׁמְּשֵׁי מְשַׁמְּשָׁיו שֶׁל אָדָם בִּשְׁעַת מְלָאכָה וְשֶׁלֹּא בִשְׁעַת מְלָאכָה, טָמֵא. וְכֹל שֶׁאֵינוֹ אֶלָּא בִשְׁעַת מְלָאכָה, טָהוֹר:

The dung bag of a bull and its muzzle, a bee shelf, and a fan are clean. The cover of a small box is susceptible to uncleanness; The cover of a clothes chest is clean. The cover of a box, the cover of a basket, a carpenter's vice, a cushion under a box or its arched cover, a reading-desk for a book, a bolt-socket, a lock-socket, a mezuzah case, a lyre case, a violin case, the block of the turban-makers, a wooden musical toy horse, the clappers of a wailing woman, a poor man's parasol, bed posts, a tefillin mould, and the mould of string makers all these are clean. This is the general rule which Rabbi Yose stated: all objects that serve as a protection to objects that a man uses, both when the latter are in use and when they are not in use, are susceptible to uncleanness; but those that serve them as a protection only when the latter are in use are clean.

Mishnah Kelim 16:7 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

תִּיק הַסַּיִף וְהַסַּכִּין וְהַפִּגְיוֹן, תִּיק מִסְפֶּרֶת וּמִסְפָּרַיִם וְהַתַּעַר, תִּיק מִכְחוֹל, וּבֵית הַכּוֹחַל, תִּיק מַכְתֵּב, וּתְרוּנְתֵּק, תִּיק טַבְלָא וּסְקֹרְטְיָא, בֵּית הַחִצִּים, בֵּית הַפָּגוֹשׁוֹת, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִים. תִּיק סִמְפּוֹנְיָא, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא נוֹתֵן מִלְמַעְלָה, טָמֵא. מִצִּדּוֹ, טָהוֹר. תִּיק חֲלִילִין, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַהֵר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא נוֹתְנוֹ מִצִּדּוֹ. חִפּוּי הָאַלָּה, הַקֶּשֶׁת, וְהָרֹמַח, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְהוֹרִין. זֶה הַכְּלָל, הֶעָשׂוּי לְתִיק, טָמֵא. לְחִפּוּי, טָהוֹר:

The sheath of a sword, a knife or a dagger, the case for scissors, or shears or a razor, the case of make-up and the make-up box, the stylus case, the compass case, the tablet case, the case for a board, a quiver and a javelin case all these are susceptible to uncleanness. The case for a double flute is susceptible to uncleanness if the instrument is put in from above, but if it is put in from the side it is clean. A case for flutes Rabbi Judah says it is clean because these are put in from the side. The covering of a club, a bow or a spear is clean. This is the general rule: that which serves as a case is susceptible to uncleanness, but that which is merely a covering is clean.

Mishnah Kelim 16:8 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

וְיֵשׁ שֶׁאָמְרוּ בְּמִדָּה דַקָּה, מִדּוֹת הַלַּח וְהַיָּבֵשׁ שִׁעוּרָן בָּאִיטַלְקִי, זוֹ מִדְבָּרִית. וְיֵשׁ שֶׁאָמְרוּ, הַכֹּל לְפִי מַה שֶּׁהוּא אָדָם, הַקּוֹמֵץ אֶת הַמִּנְחָה, וְהַחוֹפֵן אֶת הַקְּטֹרֶת, וְהַשּׁוֹתֶה כִמְלֹא לֻגְמָיו בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים, וְכִמְזוֹן שְׁתֵּי סְעֻדּוֹת לָעֵרוּב, מְזוֹנוֹ לְחֹל אֲבָל לֹא לְשַׁבָּת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, לְשַׁבָּת אֲבָל לֹא לְחֹל. אֵלּוּ וָאֵלּוּ מִתְכַּוְּנִין לְהָקֵל. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, מִשְּׁתֵּי יָדוֹת לְכִכָּר, מִשָּׁלֹשׁ לְקָב. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן בְּרוֹקָא אוֹמֵר, מִכִּכָּר בְּפֻנְדְּיוֹן, מֵאַרְבַּע סְאִין בְּסָלַע:

Sometimes they stated a smaller measure: Liquid and dry measures were measured with the Italian standard which was the one that was used in the wilderness. Sometimes they stated a measure that varied according to the individual concerned: One who takes the handful of a minhah, One who takes both hands full of incense, One who drinks a cheek full on Yom Kippur, And the two meals for an eruv, The quantity being the food one eats on weekdays and not on Shabbat, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Judah says: as on Shabbat and not as on weekdays. And both intended to give the more lenient ruling. Rabbi Shimon says: two thirds of a loaf, when three [loaves] are made of a kav. Rabbi Yohanan ben Beroka says: not less than a loaf that is purchased for a pundium when the price of wheat is four se'ah for a sela’.

Mishnah Kelim 17:11 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

וְיֵשׁ שֶׁאָמְרוּ בְמִדָּה גַסָּה, מְלֹא תַרְוָד רָקָב, כִּמְלֹא תַרְוָד גָּדוֹל שֶׁל רוֹפְאִים. וּגְרִיס נְגָעִים, כַּגְּרִיס הַקִּלְקִי. הָאוֹכֵל בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים כַּכּוֹתֶבֶת הַגַּסָּה, כָּמוֹהָ וּכְגַּרְעִינָתָהּ. וְנוֹדוֹת יַיִן וָשֶׁמֶן, שִׁעוּרָן כְּפִיקָה גְדוֹלָה שֶׁלָּהֶן. וּמָאוֹר שֶׁלֹּא נַעֲשָׂה בִידֵי אָדָם, שִׁעוּרוֹ כִמְלֹא אֶגְרוֹף גָּדוֹל, זֶה הוּא אֶגְרוֹפוֹ שֶׁל בֶּן בָּטִיחַ. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, יֶשְׁנוֹ כְרֹאשׁ גָּדוֹל שֶׁל אָדָם. וְשֶׁנַּעֲשָׂה בִידֵי אָדָם, שִׁעוּרוֹ כִמְלֹא מַקְדֵּחַ גָּדוֹל שֶׁל לִשְׁכָּה, שֶׁהוּא כְפֻנְדְּיוֹן הָאִיטַלְקִי, וּכְסֶלַע הַנֵּירוֹנִית, וְכִמְלֹא נֶקֶב שֶׁבָּעֹל:

And sometimes they stated a large measure:A ladleful of corpse mould refers to the big ladle of physicians; The split bean in the case of skin disease refers to the Cilician kind; One who eats on Yom Kippur a quantity of the bulk of a large date, refers to the size of the date and its pit; In the case of skins of wine and oil [the holes] must be as big as their large stopper; In the case of a light hole that was not made by man's hands the prescribed size of which is that of a large fist, the reference is to the fist of Ben Batiah Rabbi Yose said: and it is as big as a large human head. And in the case of one made by human hands the prescribed size is that of the large drill in the Temple chamber which is the size of the Italian pondium or the Neronian sela or like the hole in a yoke.

Mishnah Kelim 17:12 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

תַּחְתִּית הַצּוֹרְפִים, טְמֵאָה. וְשֶׁל נַפָּחִין, טְהוֹרָה. מַשְׁחֶזֶת שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ בֵּית קִבּוּל שֶׁמֶן, טְמֵאָה. וְשֶׁאֵין בָּהּ, טְהוֹרָה. פִּנְקָס שֶׁיֶּשׁ בָּהּ בֵּית קִבּוּל שַׁעֲוָה, טְמֵאָה. וְשֶׁאֵין בָּהּ, טְהוֹרָה. מַחֲצֶלֶת הַקַּשׁ וּשְׁפוֹפֶרֶת הַקַּשׁ, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַמֵּא, וְרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי מְטַהֵר. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אַף שֶׁל פַּקּוּעוֹת כַּיּוֹצֵא בָהֶן. מַחֲצֶלֶת קָנִים וְשֶׁל חֵלֶף, טְהוֹרָה. שְׁפוֹפֶרֶת הַקָּנֶה שֶׁחֲתָכָהּ לְקַבָּלָה, טְהוֹרָה, עַד שֶׁיּוֹצִיא אֶת כָּל הַכָּכָי:

The base of the goldsmiths’ anvil is susceptible to uncleanness, but that of the blacksmiths is clean. A whetting-board which has a receptacle for oil is susceptible to uncleanness, but one that has none is clean. A writing-tablet that has a receptacle for wax is susceptible to uncleanness, but one that has none is clean. A straw mat or a tube of straw: Rabbi Akiva rules it is susceptible to uncleanness; But Rabbi Yohanan ben Nuri rules that is it clean. Rabbi Shimon says: the hollow stalk of colocynth is subject to the same law. A mat of reeds or rushes is clean. A reed-tube that was cut for holding anything remains clean until all the pith has been removed.

Mishnah Kelim 17:17 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

מוּכְנִי שֶׁלָּהּ, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא נִשְׁמֶטֶת, אֵינָהּ חִבּוּר לָהּ, וְאֵינָהּ נִמְדֶּדֶת עִמָּהּ, וְאֵינָהּ מַצֶּלֶת עִמָּהּ בְּאֹהֶל הַמֵּת, וְאֵין גּוֹרְרִין אוֹתָהּ בְּשַׁבָּת בִּזְמַן שֶׁיֶּשׁ בְּתוֹכָהּ מָעוֹת. וְאִם אֵינָהּ נִשְׁמֶטֶת, חִבּוּר לָהּ, וְנִמְדֶּדֶת עִמָּהּ, וּמַצֶּלֶת עִמָּהּ בְּאֹהֶל הַמֵּת, וְגוֹרְרִין אוֹתָהּ בְּשַׁבָּת אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיֶּשׁ בְּתוֹכָהּ מָעוֹת. הַקִּמְרוֹן שֶׁלָּהּ, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא קָבוּעַ, חִבּוּר לָהּ וְנִמְדָּד עִמָּהּ. וְאִם אֵינוֹ קָבוּעַ, אֵינוֹ חִבּוּר לָהּ וְאֵינוֹ נִמְדָּד עִמָּהּ. כֵּיצַד מוֹדְדִין אוֹתוֹ, רֹאשׁ תּוֹר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אִם אֵינָהּ יְכוֹלָה לַעֲמֹד בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ, טְהוֹרָה:

Its carriage: if it can be slipped off, is not regarded as connected, nor is it included in its measurement, nor does it afford protection together with it in the tent of a corpse, nor may it be drawn along on Shabbat if it contains money. If it cannot be slipped off, it is regarded as connected, it is included in its measurement, it affords protection together with it in the tent of a corpse, it may be drawn along on Shabbat even if it contains money. Its arched top, if it is fixed [to the box], is considered connected and is measured with it, but if it is not fixed it is not connected and is not measured with it. How is it measured? As an ox-head. Rabbi Judah says: if it cannot stand by itself it is clean.

Mishnah Kelim 18:2 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַשִּׁדָּה וְהַתֵּבָה וְהַמִּגְדָּל שֶׁנִּטְּלָה אַחַת מֵרַגְלֵיהֶן, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמְּקַבְּלִין, טְהוֹרִין. וְשֶׁאֵינָן מְקַבְּלִין כְּדַרְכָּן, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי מְטַמֵּא. וְנַקְלִיטֵי הַמִּטָּה וַחֲמוֹר וְחִפּוּי, טְהוֹרִין. אֵין טָמֵא אֶלָּא מִטָּה וּמַלְבֵּן. וּמַלְבְּנֵי בְנֵי לֵוִי, טְהוֹרִין:

If one of the legs was missing from a chest, a box or a cupboard, even though it is still capable of holding [things], it is clean, since it cannot hold [things] in the usual manner. But Rabbi Yose says: it is susceptible to impurity. The poles of a bed, its base, and [its] covering are clean. Only the bed itself and its rectangle [frame] are susceptible to uncleanness. The rectangle frames of the Levites are clean.

Mishnah Kelim 18:3 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

מִטָּה שֶׁהָיְתָה טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס, נִטְּלָה קְצָרָה וּשְׁתֵּי כְרָעַיִם, טְמֵאָה. אֲרֻכָּה וּשְׁתֵּי כְרָעַיִם, טְהוֹרָה. רַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה מְטַמֵּא. גָּדַד שְׁתֵּי לְשׁוֹנוֹת לוֹכְסָן, גָּדַד שְׁתֵּי כְרָעַיִם (טֶפַח עַל טֶפַח) לוֹכְסָן, אוֹ שֶׁמִּעֲטָהּ פָּחוֹת מִטֶּפַח, טְהוֹרָה:

A bed that had contracted midras uncleanness: If a short side was removed and its two legs still remains it is unclean. But if a long side and two legs were removed it becomes clean. Rabbi Nehemiah says: it is unclean. If two props at opposite corners were cut off, or if two legs at opposite corners were cut off, or if the bed was reduced to a level of less than a handbreadth, it becomes clean.

Mishnah Kelim 18:5 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַמְפָרֵק אֶת הַמִּטָּה לְהַטְבִּילָהּ, וְהַנּוֹגֵעַ בַּחֲבָלִין, טָהוֹר. הַחֶבֶל מֵאֵימָתַי הוּא חִבּוּר לַמִּטָּה, מִשֶּׁיְּסָרֵג בָּהּ שְׁלֹשָׁה בָתִּים. וְהַנּוֹגֵעַ מִן הַקֶּשֶׁר וְלִפְנִים, טָמֵא. מִן הַקֶּשֶׁר וְלַחוּץ, טָהוֹר. נִימֵי הַקֶּשֶׁר, הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּצָרְכּוֹ, טָמֵא. וְכַמָּה הוּא צָרְכּוֹ, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שָׁלֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת:

One who dismantles a bed in order that he might immerse it and [while doing so] touches the ropes remains clean. When does the rope begin to constitute a connective with the bed? As soon as three rows of meshes of it have been knotted. And [if another rope was tied to this one] and a person touches it: If from the knot inwards he becomes unclean; But if from the knot outwards he remains clean. As to the loose ends of the knot, any one that touches that part which is needed for it becomes unclean. And how much is needed for it? Rabbi Judah says: three fingerbreadths.

Mishnah Kelim 19:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַחֶבֶל הַיּוֹצֵא מִן הַמִּטָּה, עַד חֲמִשָּׁה טְפָחִים, טָהוֹר. מֵחֲמִשָּׁה וְעַד עֲשָׂרָה, טָמֵא. מֵעֲשָׂרָה וְלַחוּץ, טָהוֹר, שֶׁבּוֹ קוֹשְׁרִין אֶת הַפְּסָחִים, וּמְשַׁלְשְׁלִין אֶת הַמִּטּוֹת:

A rope that hangs out from a bed:If it is shorter than five handbreadths, it is clean, If it is from five to ten handbreadths long, it is unclean. From ten handbreadths and longer is clean; For it is with [this rope] that paschal lambs were tied and beds were lowered down.

Mishnah Kelim 19:2 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

נִשָּׂא הַזָּב עַל הַמִּטָּה וְעַל הַמִּזְרָן, מְטַמֵּא שְׁנַיִם וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, נִשָּׂא הַזָּב עַל הַמִּטָּה וְעַל הַמִּזְרָן, עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים, מְטַמֵּא שְׁנַיִם וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד. מֵעֲשָׂרָה וְלַחוּץ, מְטַמֵּא אֶחָד וּפוֹסֵל אֶחָד. נִשָּׂא עַל הַמִּזְרָן, מֵעֲשָׂרָה וְלִפְנִים, טָמֵא. מֵעֲשָׂרָה וְלַחוּץ, טָהוֹר:

If a zav was carried on a bed and on its mattress, the latter causes an uncleanness of two grades and an unfitness of one grade, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yose says: if a zav was carried on a bed and on its mattress the part that is shorter than ten handbreadths causes an uncleanness of two grades and an unfitness of one grade, but that which is over the ten handbreadths causes only an uncleanness of one grade and an unfitness of one grade. If he was carried on the mattress, [on the overhanging part] that was shorter than ten handbreadths, it becomes unclean, but if on the part that was longer than ten handbreadths it remains clean.

Mishnah Kelim 19:4 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַכָּרִים וְהַכְּסָתוֹת וְהַשַּׂקִּין וְהַמַּרְצוּפִין שֶׁנִּפְחֲתוּ, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִים מִדְרָס. הַקְּלוּסְטָר, אַרְבָּעָה קַבִּין, הַתּוּרְמֵל חֲמֵשֶׁת קַבִּין, הַכְּרֵיתִית סְאָה. הַחֵמֶת שֶׁל שִׁבְעַת קַבִּין, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף הָרִבְצָל וְהַמִּזְוָדָה כָּל שֶׁהֵן, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִין מִדְרָס. וְכֻלָּם שֶׁנִּפְחֲתוּ, טְהוֹרִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁבָּטַל הָעִקָּר, וּבָטְלָה הַטְּפֵלָה:

Pillows, bed coverings, sacks and packing cases that were damaged are still susceptible to midras uncleanness. A fodder-bag that can hold four kav, a shepherd's bag that can hold five kav, a traveling bag that can hold a se'ah, a skin that can hold seven kav, Rabbi Judah adds: also a spice-bag, and a food wallet that can hold the smallest quantity are susceptible to midras uncleanness. If any of them was damaged it becomes clean, since if the primary function ceases the secondary function also ceases.

Mishnah Kelim 20:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

חֵמֶת חֲלִילִין, טְהוֹרָה מִן הַמִּדְרָס. עֲרֵבַת פִּיסוֹנוֹת, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, מִדְרָס. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, טְמֵא מֵת. עֲרֵבָה מִשְּׁנֵי לֹג וְעַד תִּשְׁעָה קַבִּין שֶׁנִּסְדְּקָה, טְמֵאָה מִדְרָס. הִנִּיחָהּ בַּגְּשָׁמִים וְנִתְפְּחָה, טְמֵאָה טְמֵא מֵת. בַּקָּדִים וְנִסְדְּקָה, מְקַבֶּלֶת מִדְרָס. זֶה חֹמֶר בִּשְׁיָרֵי כְלֵי עֵץ מִבִּתְחִלָּתָן. וְחֹמֶר בִּשְׁיָרֵי כְלֵי נְצָרִים מִבִּתְחִלָּתָן, שֶׁמִּתְּחִלָּתָן אֵינָם מְקַבְּלִים טֻמְאָה עַד שֶׁיִּתְחַסֵּמוּ. נִתְחַסְּמוּ, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנָּשְׁרוּ שִׂפְתוֹתֵיהֶן כָּל שֶׁהֵן, טְמֵאִין:

A bagpipe is not susceptible to midras uncleanness. A trough for mixing mortar: Bet Shammai says: it is susceptible to midras uncleanness , And Bet Hillel says it is susceptible to corpse uncleanness only. If a trough of a capacity from two log to nine kav is split, it becomes susceptible to midras uncleanness. If he left it out in the rain and it swelled it is susceptible to corpse uncleanness alone. [If he left it out] during the east wind and it split, it is susceptible to midras uncleanness. In this respect the law is stricter in the case of remnants of wooden vessels than in [that of such vessels] in their original condition. It is also stricter in regard to the remnants of wicker vessels than [to such vessels] as are in their original condition, for when they are in their original condition they are insusceptible to uncleanness until their rim is finished, but after their rim has been finished, even though their edges fell away leaving only the slightest trace of them, they are unclean.

Mishnah Kelim 20:2 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

מַקֵּל שֶׁעֲשָׂאוֹ בֵּית יָד לְקֻרְדֹּם, חִבּוּר לַטֻּמְאָה בִּשְׁעַת מְלָאכָה. הַדְּיוּסְטָר, חִבּוּר לַטֻּמְאָה בִּשְׁעַת מְלָאכָה. קְבָעוֹ בִכְלוֹנָס, טָמֵא, וְאֵינוֹ חִבּוּר לָהּ. עָשָׂה לוֹ דְיוּסְטָר, אֵין טָמֵא אֶלָּא צָרְכּוֹ. כִּסֵּא שֶׁקְּבָעוֹ בִכְלוֹנָס, טָמֵא, וְאֵינוֹ חִבּוּר לוֹ. עָשָׂה בוֹ כִסֵּא, אֵין טָמֵא אֶלָּא מְקוֹמוֹ. קְבָעוֹ בְקוֹרַת בֵּית הַבַּד, טָמֵא, וְאֵינוֹ חִבּוּר לָהּ. עָשָׂה בְרֹאשָׁהּ כִּסֵּא, טָהוֹר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאוֹמְרִין לוֹ, עֲמֹד וְנַעֲשֶׂה אֶת מְלַאכְתֵּנוּ:

If a stick was used as a handle for a hatchet, it is regarded as connected for uncleanness at the time of use. A yarn winder is regarded as connected for uncleanness at the time of its use. If it was fixed to a pole it is susceptible to uncleanness, but it is not considered connected to it. If the pole itself was converted into a yarn winder, only that part which is needed for use is susceptible to uncleanness. A seat that was fixed to the pole is susceptible to uncleanness, but the latter is not regarded as connected to it. If the pole itself was turned into a seat, only the place of the seat is susceptible to uncleanness. A seat that was fixed to the beam of an olive-press is susceptible to uncleanness, but it is not connected to it. If the end of a beam was turned into a seat it remains clean, because people would tell him, "Get up and let us do our work."

Mishnah Kelim 20:3 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp