Mishnah Kilayim

הַחִטִּים וְהַזּוּנִין אֵינָן כִּלְאַיִם זֶה בָזֶה. הַשְּׂעֹרִים וְשִׁבֹּלֶת שׁוּעָל, הַכֻּסְּמִין וְהַשִּׁיפוֹן, הַפּוֹל וְהַסַּפִּיר, הַפֻּרְקְדָן וְהַטֹּפֵחַ, וּפוֹל הַלָּבָן וְהַשְּׁעוּעִים, אֵינָם כִּלְאַיִם זֶה בָזֶה:

Wheat and zunin do not constitute kilayim one with the other. Barley and oats, spelt and rye, or beans and sapir (a type of bean), or purkdan and tofah (two similar types of beans), or white beans and kidney beans, do not constitute kilayim one with the other.

Mishnah Kilayim 1:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַקִּשּׁוּת וְהַמְּלָפְפוֹן, אֵינָם כִּלְאַיִם זֶה בָזֶה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, כִּלְאָיִם. חֲזֶרֶת וַחֲזֶרֶת גַּלִּים, עֻלְשִׁין וְעֻלְשֵׁי שָׂדֶה, כְּרֵשִׁים וּכְרֵשֵׁי שָׂדֶה, כֻּסְבָּר וְכֻסְבַּר שָׂדֶה, חַרְדָּל וְחַרְדָּל מִצְרִי, וּדְלַעַת הַמִּצְרִי וְהָרְמוּצָה, וּפוֹל מִצְרִי וְהֶחָרוּב, אֵינָם כִּלְאַיִם זֶה בָזֶה:

Cucumbers and melons do not constitute kilayim one with the other. Rabbi Judah said they do constitute kilayim. Lettuce and wild lettuce, endives and wild endives, leek and wild leek, coriander and wild coriander, or mustard and Egyptian mustard, Egyptian gourd and the bitter gourd, or Egyptian beans and carob shaped beans do not constitute kilayim one with the other.

Mishnah Kilayim 1:2 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַטּוֹמֵן לֶפֶת וּצְנוֹנוֹת תַּחַת הַגֶּפֶן, אִם הָיוּ מִקְצָת עָלָיו מְגֻלִּין, אֵינוֹ חוֹשֵׁשׁ לֹא מִשּׁוּם כִּלְאַיִם, וְלֹא מִשּׁוּם שְׁבִיעִית, וְלֹא מִשּׁוּם מַעַשְׂרוֹת, וְנִטָּלִים בְּשַׁבָּת. הַזּוֹרֵעַ חִטָּה וּשְׂעוֹרָה כְּאַחַת, הֲרֵי זֶה כִלְאָיִם. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אֵינוֹ כִּלְאַיִם, עַד שֶׁיְּהוּ שְׁנֵי חִטִּים וּשְׂעוֹרָה, אוֹ חִטָּה וּשְׁתֵּי שְׂעוֹרִים, אוֹ חִטָּה וּשְׂעוֹרָה וְכֻסָּמֶת:

One who buries turnips or radishes beneath a vine, if some of their leaves are uncovered, he need not have fear [of having transgressed] kilayim, or the sabbatical year, or tithes and they may also be pulled up on Shabbat. One who plants a [grain of] wheat and [a grain of] barley at one time, behold this is kilayim. Rabbi Judah says: it is not kilayim unless there are two grains of wheat and two grains of barley, or one grain of wheat and two grains of barley, or a grain of wheat, a grain of barley and a grain of spelt.

Mishnah Kilayim 1:9 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

כָּל סְאָה שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ רֹבַע מִמִּין אַחֵר, יְמַעֵט. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, יָבֹר. בֵּין מִמִּין אֶחָד בֵּין מִשְּׁנֵי מִינִין. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, לֹא אָמְרוּ אֶלָּא מִמִּין אֶחָד. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, כָּל שֶׁהוּא כִלְאַיִם בַּסְּאָה מִצְטָרֵף לְרֹבַע:

Any seah which contains a quarter [of a kav] of a different species, one should reduce [its proportion of the latter] Rabbi Yose says: one should pick [it all out]. Whether it consists of one species or of two species. Rabbi Shimon says: they said this only if it consists of one species. But the sages say: anything which is kilayim, in a seah [it adds up] in making up the quarter.

Mishnah Kilayim 2:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הָיְתָה שָׂדֵהוּ זְרוּעָה קַנְבּוֹס אוֹ לוּף, לֹא יְהֵא זוֹרֵעַ וּבָא עַל גַּבֵּיהֶם, שֶׁאֵינָן עוֹשִׂין אֶלָּא לִשְׁלֹשָׁה שָׁנִים. תְּבוּאָה שֶׁעָלָה בָהּ סְפִיחֵי אִסְטִיס, וְכֵן מְקוֹם הַגְּרָנוֹת שֶׁעָלוּ בָהֶן מִינִין הַרְבֵּה, וְכֵן תִּלְתָּן שֶׁהֶעֱלָה מִינֵי צְמָחִים, אֵין מְחַיְּבִין אוֹתוֹ לְנַכֵּשׁ. אִם נִכֵּשׁ אוֹ כִסַּח, אוֹמְרִים לוֹ, עֲקֹר אֶת הַכֹּל חוּץ מִמִּין אֶחָד:

His field was sown cumin or with arum, he must not sow on top of them, since they produce crops only after three years. [A field of] grain among which sprang up some aftergrowth woad, alternatively an area of threshing-floors in which many species sprang up, alternatively [a field of] clover among which grew up a number of species of herbs, he is not obliged to weed them out. But if he weeded or cut down the weeds, they say to him: “Uproot it all, except for one species.”

Mishnah Kilayim 2:5 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

אֵין סוֹמְכִין לִשְׂדֵה תְבוּאָה חַרְדָּל וְחָרִיעַ, אֲבָל סוֹמְכִין לִשְׂדֵה יְרָקוֹת חַרְדָּל וְחָרִיעַ. וְסוֹמֵךְ לְבוּר, וּלְנִיר, וּלְגָפָה, וּלְדֶרֶךְ, וּלְגָדֵר גָּבוֹהַּ עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים, וּלְחָרִיץ שֶׁהוּא עָמֹק עֲשָׂרָה וְרָחָב אַרְבָּעָה, וּלְאִילָן שֶׁהוּא מֵסֵךְ עַל הָאָרֶץ, וּלְסֶלַע גָּבוֹהַּ עֲשָׂרָה וְרָחָב אַרְבָּעָה:

They may not sow mustard or safflower close to a field of grain, but they may sow mustard or safflower close to a vegetable field. And they may sow close to fallow land or to plowed land, or to a wall made with loose stones, or to a path, or to a fence ten handbreadths high, or to a trench ten [handbreadths] deep and four wide, or to a tree forming a tent over the ground, or to a rock ten [handbreadths] high and four wide.

Mishnah Kilayim 2:8 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

עֲרוּגָה שֶׁהִיא שִׁשָּׁה טְפָחִים עַל שִׁשָּׁה טְפָחִים, זוֹרְעִים בְּתוֹכָהּ חֲמִשָּׁה זֵרְעוֹנִים, אַרְבָּעָה בְּאַרְבַּע רוּחוֹת הָעֲרוּגָה, וְאֶחָד בָּאֶמְצַע. הָיָה לָהּ גְּבוּל גָּבוֹהַּ טֶפַח, זוֹרְעִין בְּתוֹכָהּ שְׁלֹשָׁה עָשָׂר, שְׁלֹשָׁה עַל כָּל גְּבוּל וּגְבוּל, וְאֶחָד בָּאֶמְצַע. לֹא יִטַּע רֹאשׁ הַלֶּפֶת בְּתוֹךְ הַגְּבוּל, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מְמַלְאֵהוּ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, שִׁשָּׁה בָּאֶמְצַע:

A furrow of vegetables measuring six handbreadths by six handbreadths: it is permitted to sow in it five [different] types of seeds--four [species], one on [each of] the four sides of the bed, and one in the middle. If it had a border one handbreadth high, one may sow in it thirteen [different species] three on every border, and one in the middle. It is prohibited to plant a turnip head in the border since that would fill it [completely]. Rabbi Judah said: [it is permitted to sow] six [species] in the middle.

Mishnah Kilayim 3:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

כָּל מִין זְרָעִים אֵין זוֹרְעִים בַּעֲרוּגָה, וְכָל מִין יְרָקוֹת זוֹרְעִין בַּעֲרוּגָה. חַרְדָּל וַאֲפוּנִים הַשּׁוּפִין, מִין זְרָעִים. אֲפוּנִים הַגַּמְלָנִים, מִין יָרָק. גְּבוּל שֶׁהָיָה גָבוֹהַּ טֶפַח וְנִתְמַעֵט, כָּשֵׁר, שֶׁהָיָה כָשֵׁר מִתְּחִלָּתוֹ. הַתֶּלֶם וְאַמַּת הַמַּיִם שֶׁהֵם עֲמֻקִּים טֶפַח, זוֹרְעִים לְתוֹכָן שְׁלֹשָׁה זֵרְעוֹנִין, אֶחָד מִכָּאן, וְאֶחָד מִכָּאן, וְאֶחָד בָּאֶמְצַע:

They may not sow different species of seeds in one bed, but they may sow different species of vegetables in one bed. Mustard and small polished peas are a species of seed; large peas are a species of vegetable. If a border was originally a handbreadth high and then it fell in height, it remains valid, since it was valid at the beginning. A furrow or water channel which are a handbreadth deep, it is permitted to sow three different species of vegetables, one on one side, one on the other side, and one in the middle.

Mishnah Kilayim 3:2 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

דְּלַעַת בְּיָרָק, כְּיָרָק. וּבִתְבוּאָה, נוֹתְנִין לָהּ בֵּית רֹבַע. הָיְתָה שָׂדֵהוּ זְרוּעָה תְבוּאָה, וּבִקֵּשׁ לִטַּע לְתוֹכָהּ שׁוּרָה שֶׁל דְּלוּעִין, נוֹתְנִין לָהּ לַעֲבוֹדָתָהּ שִׁשָּׁה טְפָחִים. וְאִם הִגְדִּילָה, יַעֲקֹר מִלְּפָנֶיהָ. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, נוֹתְנִין לָהּ עֲבוֹדָתָהּ אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת. אָמְרוּ לוֹ, הֲתַחְמִיר זוֹ מִן הַגָּפֶן. אָמַר לָהֶן, מָצִינוּ שֶׁזּוֹ חֲמוּרָה מִן הַגֶּפֶן, שֶׁלְּגֶפֶן יְחִידִית נוֹתְנִין לָהּ עֲבוֹדָתָהּ שִׁשָּׁה טְפָחִים, וְלִדְלַעַת יְחִידִית נוֹתְנִין לָהּ בֵּית רֹבַע. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל, כָּל שְׁלֹשָׁה דְלוּעִין לְבֵית סְאָה, לֹא יָבִיא זֶרַע לְתוֹךְ בֵּית סְאָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בֶּן הַחוֹטֵף אֶפְרָתִי אָמַר מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל, כָּל שְׁלֹשָׁה דְלוּעִין לְבֵית כּוֹר, לֹא יָבִיא זֶרַע לְתוֹךְ בֵּית כּוֹר:

A gourd [sown] among a [different] vegetable [must be separated by as much] as any other vegetable. [A gourd sown] among grain he must give it [a separating space of] a bet rova. If his field was sown with grain, and he wishes to plant within it a row of gourds, he must give [the gourds] six handbreadths for them to be worked. And if [the row of gourds] overgrows [into the border] he must pull up that which is within it. Rabbi Yose says: he must give [the gourds] four cubits for them to be worked. They said to him: Do you rule more stringently with regard to this than with regard to a vine? He said to them: We find that [the gourd] is treated more stringently than a vine, since for a single vine he must give six handbreadths for it to be worked, but for a single gourd a bet rova. Rabbi Meir said in the name of Rabbi Ishmael: if there are as many as three gourds in a bet seah, he may not bring [another] seed into the bet seah. Rabbi Yose ben Hahotef Ephrati said in the name of Rabbi Ishmael: if there are as many as three gourds in a bet kor, one may not bring [another] seed into the bet kor.

Mishnah Kilayim 3:7 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

קָרַחַת הַכֶּרֶם, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, עֶשְׂרִים וְאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה. מְחוֹל הַכֶּרֶם, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה. וְאֵיזוֹ הִיא קָרַחַת הַכֶּרֶם. כֶּרֶם שֶׁחָרַב מֵאֶמְצָעוֹ. אִם אֵין שָׁם שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה, לֹא יָבִיא זֶרַע לְשָׁם. הָיוּ שָׁם שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה, נוֹתְנִין לָהּ עֲבוֹדָתָהּ, וְזוֹרֵעַ אֶת הַמּוֹתָר:

A karahat [a bare patch] within a vineyard: Bet Shammai says: [it must measure] twenty-four cubits [by twenty-four cubits]. But Bet Hillel says: sixteen cubits. A mehol [an unsown belt of ground between a planted area and a fence] of a vineyard: Bet Shammai says: [it must measure] sixteen cubits. But Bet Hillel says: twelve cubits. What is a karahat of a vineyard? A vineyard which has been cleared [of vines] in its middle. If there are less than sixteen cubits, then one may not bring seed into it. If it is sixteen cubits, they leave a space in which to work [the vineyard] and they may sow the rest.

Mishnah Kilayim 4:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

מְחִצַּת הַקָּנִים, אִם אֵין בֵּין קָנֶה לַחֲבֵרוֹ שְׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים, כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּכָּנֵס הַגְּדִי, הֲרֵי זוֹ כִמְחִצָּה. וְגָדֵר שֶׁנִּפְרַץ, עַד עֶשֶׂר אַמּוֹת הֲרֵי הוּא כְפֶתַח, יָתֵר מִכֵּן, כְּנֶגֶד הַפִּרְצָה אָסוּר. נִפְרְצוּ בוֹ פְרָצוֹת הַרְבֵּה, אִם הָעוֹמֵד מְרֻבֶּה עַל הַפָּרוּץ, מֻתָּר, וְאִם הַפָּרוּץ מְרֻבֶּה עַל הָעוֹמֵד, כְּנֶגֶד הַפִּרְצָה אָסוּר:

A partition of reeds: if between one reed and another there are less than three handbreadths, [the space] through which a kid (young goat) could enter, it counts as a [legally effective] partition. A [stone] fence which has been broken through up to [the length of] ten cubits, [the breach] is [regarded] as a doorway; more than that, opposite the breach it is prohibited [to sow seeds]. If there were many breaches in the fence, if that which remains standing exceeds that which is broken through, it is permitted [to sow there]. But if the breached sections exceed those which remain standing, it is forbidden [to sow opposite the breaches.]

Mishnah Kilayim 4:4 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַנּוֹטֵעַ שׁוּרָה שֶׁל חָמֵשׁ גְּפָנִים, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, כֶּרֶם. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ כֶרֶם, עַד שֶׁיְּהוּ שָׁם שְׁתֵּי שׁוּרוֹת. לְפִיכָךְ, הַזּוֹרֵעַ אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת שֶׁבַּכֶּרֶם, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, קִדֵּשׁ שׁוּרָה אַחַת. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, קִדֵּשׁ שְׁתֵּי שׁוּרוֹת:

One who has planted a row of [at least] five vines: Bet Shammai says: these constitute a vineyard. But Bet Hillel says: they do not constitute a vineyard unless there are two rows. Consequently, one who sows four cubits within the vineyard: Beth Shammai says: he has sanctified one row [of the vineyard, and created kilayim]. But Bet Hillel says: he has sanctified two rows.

Mishnah Kilayim 4:5 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַנּוֹטֵעַ יָרָק בַּכֶּרֶם אוֹ מְקַיֵּם, הֲרֵי זֶה מְקַדֵּשׁ אַרְבָּעִים וַחֲמִשָּׁה גְפָנִים. אֵימָתַי, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהָיוּ נְטוּעוֹת עַל אַרְבַּע אַרְבַּע, אוֹ עַל חָמֵשׁ חָמֵשׁ. הָיוּ נְטוּעוֹת עַל שֵׁשׁ שֵׁשׁ, אוֹ עַל שֶׁבַע שֶׁבַע, הֲרֵי זֶה מְקַדֵּשׁ שֵׁשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה לְכָל רוּחַ, עֲגֻלּוֹת וְלֹא מְרֻבָּעוֹת:

One who plants a vegetable or leaves it to remain in a vineyard, he renders prohibited [as kilayim] forty-five vines. When is this so? When they were planted with either four or five [cubits between rows]. If they were planted with either six or seven [cubits between rows] he renders prohibited as kilayim [the vines within an area of] sixteen cubits in every direction, in the form of a circle, not of a square.

Mishnah Kilayim 5:5 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הָיָה עוֹבֵר בַּכֶּרֶם וְנָפְלוּ מִמֶּנּוּ זְרָעִים, אוֹ שֶׁיָּצְאוּ עִם הַזְּבָלִים אוֹ עִם הַמַּיִם, הַזּוֹרֵעַ וְסִעֲרַתּוּ הָרוּחַ לַאֲחוֹרָיו, מֻתָּר. סִעֲרַתּוּ הָרוּחַ לְפָנָיו, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אִם עֲשָׂבִים, יוֹפַךְ. וְאִם אָבִיב, יְנַפֵּץ. וְאִם הֵבִיאָה דָגָן, תִּדָּלֵק:

If he was passing through a vineyard, and seeds fell from him, or [seeds] went [into the field] with manure, or with [irrigation] water, or if he was [in a grain field] scattering seed and the wind blew some behind him [into a vineyard], everything is permitted. If the wind blew the seed in front of him [into a vineyard], Rabbi Akiba says: If it has produced small shoots, he must turn the soil. If it has reached the stage of green ears, he must beat them out. If it has grown into grain, it must be burnt.

Mishnah Kilayim 5:7 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַמְקַיֵּם קוֹצִים בַּכֶּרֶם, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, קִדֵּשׁ. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, לֹא קִדֵּשׁ אֶלָּא דָבָר שֶׁכָּמוֹהוּ מְקַיְּמִין. הָאִירוּס וְהַקִּסּוֹם וְשׁוֹשַׁנַּת הַמֶּלֶךְ וְכָל מִינֵי זְרָעִים, אֵינָן כִּלְאַיִם בַּכָּרֶם. הַקַּנְבּוֹס, רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן אוֹמֵר, אֵינוֹ כִלְאָיִם, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, כִּלְאָיִם. וְהַקִּנְרָס, כִּלְאַיִם בַּכָּרֶם:

One who allows thorns to remain growing in a vineyard: Rabbi Eliezer says: he [thereby] prohibits [the vineyard]. But the sages say: he does not prohibit except if it something that is generally allowed to grow. Iris, ivy, and the king’s lily, and all manner of seeds are not kilayim in a vineyard. [As for] hemp: Rabbi Tarfon said: it is not kilayim, But the sages say it is kilayim. Artichokes are kilayim in a vineyard.

Mishnah Kilayim 5:8 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

אֵיזֶהוּ עָרִיס, הַנּוֹטֵע שׁוּרָה שֶׁל חָמֵשׁ גְּפָנִים בְּצַד הַגָּדֵר שֶׁהוּא גָבוֹהַּ עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים, אוֹ בְצַד חָרִיץ שֶׁהוּא עָמֹק עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים וְרָחָב אַרְבָּעָה, נוֹתְנִין לוֹ עֲבוֹדָתוֹ אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, מוֹדְדִין אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת מֵעִקַּר הַגְּפָנִים לַשָּׂדֶה. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, מִן הַגָּדֵר לַשָּׂדֶה. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי, טוֹעִים כָּל הָאוֹמְרִים כֵּן, אֶלָּא אִם יֶשׁ שָׁם אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת מֵעִקַּר גְּפָנִים וְלַגָּדֵר, נוֹתְנִין לוֹ אֶת עֲבוֹדָתוֹ, וְזוֹרֵעַ אֶת הַמּוֹתָר. וְכַמָּה הִיא עֲבוֹדַת הַגֶּפֶן. שִׁשָּׁה טְפָחִים לְכָל רוּחַ. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, שְׁלֹשָׁה:

What is an aris (an espalier) [which is regarded as a vineyard]? One who has planted a [single] row consisting of five vines beside a fence ten handbreadths high, or beside a trench ten handbreadths deep and four wide, they leave a space of four cubits in which to work it. Bet Shammai says: they measure the four cubits from the body of the vine to the field; But Bet Hillel says: from the fence to the field. Rabbi Yohanan ben Nuri said: all who say so are mistaken! Rather, if there are four cubits from the body of the vines to the fence, they leave a space in which to work it and they may sow the rest. And how much is the space in which work to work a vine? Six handbreadths in every direction. Rabbi Akiva says: three.

Mishnah Kilayim 6:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַמַּדְלֶה אֶת הַגֶּפֶן עַל מִקְצָת אִילַן מַאֲכָל, מֻתָּר לְהָבִיא זֶרַע אֶל תַּחַת הַמּוֹתָר. וְאִם הִלֵּךְ הֶחָדָשׁ, יַחֲזִירֶנּוּ. מַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁהָלַךְ רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אֵצֶל רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל לִכְפַר עָזִיז, וְהֶרְאָהוּ גֶפֶן מֻדְלֶה עַל מִקְצָת תְּאֵנָה. אָמַר לוֹ, מָה אֲנִי לְהָבִיא זֶרַע אֶל תַּחַת הַמּוֹתָר. אָמַר לוֹ, מֻתָּר. וְהֶעֱלָהוּ מִשָּׁם לְבֵית הַמָּגְנִיָּה, וְהֶרְאָהוּ גֶפֶן שֶׁהִיא מֻדְּלֶה עַל מִקְצָת הַקּוֹרָה, וְסַדָּן שֶׁל שִׁקְמָה, וּבוֹ קוֹרוֹת הַרְבֵּה. אָמַר לוֹ, תַּחַת הַקּוֹרָה זוֹ אָסוּר, וְהַשְּׁאָר מֻתָּר:

One who suspends [branches of] a vine on part of [the branches of] a fruit tree, it is permitted to bring seed beneath the remainder. If new [tendrils] spread [over the remainder], he must turn them back. It happened that Rabbi Joshua went to Rabbi Ishmael in Kefar Aziz, and the latter showed him a vine [with its branches] suspended on part of [the branches of] a fig tree. He [Rabbi Yishmael] asked him [Rabbi Joshua]: “May I bring seed beneath the remainder?” He answered him: “It is permitted.” He took him to Bet Hamaganyah and he showed him a vine [whose branches were] suspended on part of a beam belonging to the trunk of a sycamore, which had many beams. He [Rabbi Joshua] said to him [Rabbi Yishmael]: beneath this beam it is prohibited [to sow] but beneath the remainder it is permitted.

Mishnah Kilayim 6:4 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַפֶּרַח הַיּוֹצֵא מִן הֶעָרִיס, רוֹאִין אוֹתוֹ כְּאִלּוּ מְטֻטֶּלֶת תְּלוּיָה בוֹ, כְּנֶגְדּוֹ אָסוּר. וְכֵן בְּדָלִית. הַמּוֹתֵחַ זְמוֹרָה מֵאִילָן לְאִילָן, תַּחְתֶּיהָ אָסוּר. סִפְּקָהּ בְּחֶבֶל אוֹ בְגֶמִי, תַּחַת הַסִּפּוּק מֻתָּר. עֲשָׂאָהּ כְּדֵי שֶׁיְּהַלֵּךְ עָלָיו הֶחָדָשׁ, אָסוּר:

A blossom which protruded from the aris, it is regarded as if a plumb line were suspended from it, directly beneath it, it is prohibited [to sow]. Similarly, in the case of [a blossom protruding from] a hanging branch [of a single vine.] One who has stretched a vine-shoot from tree to tree, it is forbidden to sow beneath it. If he made an extension [to the vine] by means of rope or reed, it is permitted under the extension. If he made the extension so that the new [growth] might spread along it, it is forbidden.

Mishnah Kilayim 6:9 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַמַּבְרִיךְ אֶת הַגֶּפֶן בָּאָרֶץ, אִם אֵין עָפָר עַל גַּבָּהּ שְׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים, לֹא יָבִיא זֶרַע עָלֶיהָ, אֲפִלּוּ הִבְרִיכָהּ בִּדְלַעַת אוֹ בְסִילוֹן. הִבְרִיכָהּ בְּסֶלַע, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין עָפָר עַל גַּבָּהּ אֶלָּא שָׁלֹשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת, מֻתָּר לְהָבִיא זֶרַע עָלֶיהָ. הָאַרְכֻּבָּה שֶׁבַּגֶּפֶן, אֵין מוֹדְדִין לָהּ אֶלָּא מִן הָעִקָּר הַשֵּׁנִי:

If one has bent a vine into the ground [and then brought it back up elsewhere], then if there is not soil over it to the height of three handbreadths, he may not sow seed above it, even if he bent [and conducted it underground] through a gourd or through a pipe. If he bent it [and conducted] it through rocky soil, then even if there is not soil over it only to the height of three fingerbreadths, it is permitted to sow seed above it. As for a knee-like vine [formed by burying and conducting it underground], they don’t measure [for how much space to work it] except from its second root.

Mishnah Kilayim 7:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַמַּבְרִיךְ שָׁלֹשׁ גְּפָנִים וְעִקָּרֵיהֶם נִרְאִים, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בַּר צָדוֹק אוֹמֵר, אִם יֵשׁ בֵּינֵיהֶם מֵאַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת וְעַד שְׁמֹנֶה, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מִצְטָרְפוֹת. וְאִם לָאו, אֵינָן מִצְטָרְפוֹת. גֶּפֶן שֶׁיָּבְשָׁה, אֲסוּרָה וְאֵינָהּ מְקַדֶּשֶׁת. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אַף צֶמֶר גֶּפֶן אָסוּר וְאֵינוֹ מְקַדֵּשׁ. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בַּר צָדוֹק אוֹמֵר מִשְּׁמוֹ, אַף עַל גַּבֵּי הַגֶּפֶן אָסוּר וְאֵינוֹ מְקַדֵּשׁ:

One who has bent [and conducted underground] three vines, and their [original] stems are visible, Rabbi Elazar bar Tzadok says: if there is between them from four to eight cubits, they combine, if not, they do not combine. A vine which has dried up, it is forbidden [to sow near it], but it does not prohibit [the seed as kilayim]. Rabbi Meir said: the same applies to a cotton plant, it is forbidden [to sow near it], but it does not prohibit [the seed as kilayim]. Rabbi Elazar bar Tzadok said in his name: above the vine too, it is forbidden [to sow near it], but it does not prohibit [the seed as kilayim].

Mishnah Kilayim 7:2 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הָרוּחַ שֶׁעִלְעֲלָה אֶת הַגְּפָנִים עַל גַּבֵּי תְבוּאָה, יִגְדֹּר מִיָּד. אִם אֵרְעוֹ אֹנֶס, מֻתָּר. תְּבוּאָתוֹ שֶׁהָיְתָה נוֹטָה תַּחַת הַגֶּפֶן, וְכֵן בְּיָרָק, מַחֲזִיר וְאֵינוֹ מְקַדֵּשׁ. מֵאֵימָתַי תְּבוּאָה מִתְקַדֶּשֶׁת, מִשֶּׁתַּשְׁרִישׁ. וַעֲנָבִים, מִשֶּׁיֵּעָשׂוּ כְּפוֹל הַלָּבָן. תְּבוּאָה שֶׁיָּבְשָׁה כָּל צָרְכָּהּ, וַעֲנָבִים שֶׁבָּשְׁלוּ כָּל צָרְכָּן, אֵין מִתְקַדְּשׁוֹת:

If wind has blown vines [so that they hang over] grain, one should immediately fence them apart. If an unforeseeable event occurred to him, it [the grain] is permitted. If grain is bent [and the ears reach] beneath a vine, similarly in the case of vegetables, one should turn them back, and it does not prohibit [as kilayim]. From what stage does grain prohibit kilayim? From the time it has struck root. And grapes? From the time they become as large as white beans. Grain which has become completely dried out, and grapes which have fully ripened no longer prohibit as kilayim.

Mishnah Kilayim 7:7 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

כִּלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם אֲסוּרִין מִלִּזְרֹעַ, וּמִלְּקַיֵּם, וַאֲסוּרִין בַּהֲנָאָה. כִּלְאֵי זְרָעִים, אֲסוּרִים מִלִּזְרֹעַ וּמִלְּקַיֵּם, וּמֻתָּרִין בַּאֲכִילָה, וְכָל שֶׁכֵּן בַּהֲנָאָה. כִּלְאֵי בְגָדִים מֻתָּרִין בְּכָל דָּבָר, וְאֵינָן אֲסוּרִין אֶלָּא מִלִּלְבֹּשׁ. כִּלְאֵי בְהֵמָה מֻתָּרִים לְגַדֵּל וּלְקַיֵּם, וְאֵינָן אֲסוּרִים אֶלָּא מִלְּהַרְבִּיעַ. כִּלְאֵי בְהֵמָה אֲסוּרִים זֶה בָזֶה:

Kilayim of the vineyard: it is forbidden both to sow and to allow to grow, and it is forbidden to derive benefit from them. Kilayim of seeds: it is forbidden both to sow and to allow to grow, but it is permitted to eat them, and all the more so to derive benefit from them. Kilayim of clothing: is permitted in all respects, except that it is forbidden to wear them. Kilayim of beasts: it is permitted to raise and to keep, and it is only prohibited to cross-breed them. Kilayim of beasts: these one are prohibited with these.

Mishnah Kilayim 8:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַפְּרוּטִיּוֹת אֲסוּרוֹת, וְהָרַמָּךְ מֻתָּר. וְאַדְנֵי הַשָּׂדֶה, חַיָּה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, מְטַמְּאוֹת בָּאֹהֶל כָּאָדָם. הַקֻּפָּד וְחֻלְדַּת הַסְּנָיִים, חַיָּה. חֻלְדַּת הַסְּנָיִים, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, מְטַמֵּא כַזַּיִת בְּמַשָּׂא, וְכָעֲדָשָׁה בְּמַגָּע:

Mules of uncertain parentage are forbidden [one with another,] And a ramakh is permitted. Wild man-like creatures are [in the category of] hayyah. Rabbi Yose says: they cause impurity in a tent like a human being. The hedgehog and the bush-mole are [in the category of] hayyah. The bush-mole: Rabbi Yose says in the name of Bet Shammai: an olive's size [of its carcass] renders a person carrying it unclean, and a lentil’s size [of its carcass] renders a person touching it unclean.

Mishnah Kilayim 8:5 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

שׁוֹר בָּר, מִין בְּהֵמָה. וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, מִין חַיָּה. כֶּלֶב, מִין חַיָּה. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, מִין בְּהֵמָה. חֲזִיר, מִין בְּהֵמָה. עָרוֹד, מִין חַיָּה. הַפִּיל וְהַקּוֹף, מִין חַיָּה. וְאָדָם מֻתָּר עִם כֻּלָּם לִמְשֹׁךְ וְלַחֲרֹשׁ וּלְהַנְהִיג:

The wild ox [it is in the category of] behemah. But Rabbi Yose says: [it is in the category] of hayyah. The dog [it is in the category of] hayyah. But Rabbi Yose says: [it is in the category] of behemah. The pig [it is in the category of] behemah. The wild donkey [it is in the category of] hayyah. The elephant and the monkey [they are in the category of] hayyah. A human being is permitted to draw, plow, or lead with any of them.

Mishnah Kilayim 8:6 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

אֵין אָסוּר מִשּׁוּם כִּלְאַיִם אֶלָּא צֶמֶר וּפִשְׁתִּים. וְאֵינוֹ מִטַּמֵּא בִנְגָעִים אֶלָּא צֶמֶר וּפִשְׁתִּים. אֵין הַכֹּהֲנִים לוֹבְשִׁין לְשַׁמֵּשׁ בְּבֵית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ אֶלָּא צֶמֶר וּפִשְׁתִּים. צֶמֶר גְּמַלִּים וְצֶמֶר רְחֵלִים שֶׁטְּרָפָן זֶה בָזֶה, אִם רֹב מִן הַגְּמַלִּים, מֻתָּר, וְאִם רֹב מִן הָרְחֵלִים, אָסוּר. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה, אָסוּר. וְכֵן הַפִּשְׁתָּן וְהַקַּנְבּוֹס שֶׁטְּרָפָן זֶה בָזֶה:

Nothing is forbidden on account of kilayim except [a mixture of] wool and linen. No [clothing material] is subject to uncleanness by scale disease except wool or linen. Priests do not wear any materials to serve in the Temple except for wool and linen. Camel’s wool with sheep’s wool, that have been mixed together: if the greater part is camel’s wool, it is permitted [to mix it with linen], but if the greater part is sheep’s wool, it is forbidden; if it is half and half, it is forbidden. The same applies to hemp and linen mixed together.

Mishnah Kilayim 9:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַשִּׁירָיִים וְהַכָּלָךְ אֵין בָּהֶם מִשּׁוּם כִּלְאַיִם, אֲבָל אֲסוּרִים מִפְּנֵי מַרְאִית הָעָיִן. הַכָּרִים וְהַכְּסָתוֹת אֵין בָּהֶם מִשּׁוּם כִּלְאַיִם, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיֶה בְשָׂרוֹ נוֹגֵעַ בָּהֶן. אֵין עֲרַאי לְכִלְאָיִם. וְלֹא יִלְבַּשׁ כִּלְאַיִם אֲפִלּוּ עַל גַּבֵּי עֲשָׂרָה, אֲפִלּוּ לִגְנֹב אֶת הַמֶּכֶס:

Silk and floss-silk do not come under the prohibition of kilayim, but are prohibited on account of appearance. Mattresses and pillows do not come under the prohibition of kilayim, as long as his flesh does not come into [immediate] contact with them. There is no [permissibility for the] temporary [wearing] of kilayim. Neither may one wear kilayim even on top of ten [garments], even for the purpose of evading taxes.

Mishnah Kilayim 9:2 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

אוֹתוֹת הַגַּרְדִּין וְאוֹתוֹת הַכּוֹבְסִים, אֲסוּרוֹת מִשּׁוּם כִּלְאָיִם. הַתּוֹכֵף תְּכִיפָה אַחַת, אֵינָהּ חִבּוּר, וְאֵין בָּהּ מִשּׁוּם כִּלְאַיִם, וְהַשּׁוֹמְטָהּ בְּשַׁבָּת, פָּטוּר. עָשָׂה שְׁנֵי רָאשֶׁיהָ לְצַד אֶחָד, חִבּוּר, וְיֶשׁ בָּהּ מִשּׁוּם כִּלְאַיִם, וְהַשּׁוֹמְטָהּ בְּשַׁבָּת, חַיָּב. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, עַד שֶׁיְּשַׁלֵּשׁ. הַשַּׂק וְהַקֻּפָּה מִצְטָרְפִין לְכִלְאָיִם:

Weaver’s mark’s or launderer’s marks [can be] prohibited because of kilayim. One who sticks one thread [through material], this does not constitute a connection, nor does [the prohibition of] kilayim apply and one who unties [such a connection] on Shabbat is exempt. If one made its two ends come out on the same side [of the material], this constitutes a connection, and it comes under the prohibition of kilayim, and one who unties such a connection on Shabbat is liable. Rabbi Judah said: [the prohibition does not apply] until one has made three stitches. A sack and a basket [one having a strip of woolen material attached to it, and the other a strip of linen] combine to form kilayim.

Mishnah Kilayim 9:10 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp