Mishnah Maasrot

כְּלָל אָמְרוּ בַּמַּעַשְׂרוֹת, כָּל שֶׁהוּא אֹכֶל, וְנִשְׁמָר, וְגִדּוּלָיו מִן הָאָרֶץ, חַיָּב בַּמַּעַשְׂרוֹת. וְעוֹד כְּלָל אַחֵר אָמְרוּ, כָּל שֶׁתְּחִלָּתוֹ אֹכֶל וְסוֹפוֹ אֹכֶל, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא שׁוֹמְרוֹ לְהוֹסִיף אֹכֶל, חַיָּב קָטָן וְגָדוֹל. וְכָל שֶׁאֵין תְּחִלָּתוֹ אֹכֶל אֲבָל סוֹפוֹ אֹכֶל, אֵינוֹ חַיָּב עַד שֶׁיֵּעָשֶׂה אֹכֶל:

They said a general principle concerning tithes: whatever is food, and is looked after, and grows from the land, is liable for tithes. And they have further stated another general principle [concerning tithes]: whatever is considered food both at the beginning and at the conclusion [of its growth] even though he holds on to it in order to increase the quantity of food, is liable [to tithe] whether [it is harvested] in its earlier or later stages. But whatever is not considered food in the earlier stages [of its growth] but only in its later stages, is not liable [to tithe] until it can be considered food.

Mishnah Maasrot 1:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

מֵאֵימָתַי הַפֵּרוֹת חַיָּבוֹת בַּמַּעַשְׂרוֹת. הַתְּאֵנִים, מִשֶּׁיַּבְחִילוּ. הָעֲנָבִים וְהָאֳבָשִׁים, מִשֶּׁהִבְאִישׁוּ. הָאוֹג וְהַתּוּתִים, מִשֶּׁיַּאְדִּימוּ. וְכָל הָאֲדֻמִּים, מִשֶּׁיַּאְדִּימוּ. הָרִמּוֹנִים, מִשֶּׁיִּמַּסּוּ. הַתְּמָרִים, מִשֶּׁיָּטִּילוּ שְׂאֹר. הָאֲפַרְסְקִים, מִשֶּׁיָּטִּילוּ גִידִים. הָאֱגוֹזִים, מִשֶּׁיַּעֲשׂוּ מְגוּרָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הָאֱגוֹזִים וְהַשְּׁקֵדִים, מִשֶּׁיַּעֲשׂוּ קְלִפָּה:

When do fruits become liable for tithes?Figs from the time they begin to ripe. Grapes and wild grapes in the early stages of ripening. Sumac and mulberries after they become red; [similarly] all red fruits, after they become red. Pomegranates, when the insides become soft. Dates when they begin to swell. Peaches when [red] veins begin to show. Walnuts when the nuts are separate from the shell. Rabbi Judah says: walnuts and almonds, after their inner skins have been formed.

Mishnah Maasrot 1:2 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

אֵיזֶהוּ גָּרְנָן לַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת. הַקִּשּׁוּאִים וְהַדְּלוּעִים, מִשֶּׁיְּפַקְסוּ. וְאִם אֵינוֹ מְפַקֵּס, מִשֶּׁיַּעֲמִיד עֲרֵמָה. אֲבַטִּיחַ, מִשֶּׁיְּשַׁלֵּק. וְאִם אֵינוֹ מְשַׁלֵּק, עַד שֶׁיַּעֲשֶׂה מֻקְצֶה. יָרָק הַנֶּאֱגָד, מִשֶּׁיֹּאגַד. אִם אֵינוֹ אוֹגֵד, עַד שֶׁיְּמַלֵּא אֶת הַכְּלִי. וְאִם אֵינוֹ מְמַלֵּא אֶת הַכְּלִי, עַד שֶׁיְּלַקֵּט כָּל צָרְכּוֹ. כַּלְכָּלָה, עַד שֶׁיְּחַפֶּה. וְאִם אֵינוֹ מְחַפֶּה, עַד שֶׁיְמַלֵּא אֶת הַכְּלִי. וְאִם אֵינוֹ מְמַלֵּא אֶת הַכְּלִי, עַד שֶׁיְּלַקֵּט כָּל צָרְכּוֹ. בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בְּמוֹלִיךְ לַשּׁוּק. אֲבָל בְּמוֹלִיךְ לְבֵיתוֹ, אוֹכֵל מֵהֶם עֲרַאי עַד שֶׁהוּא מַגִּיעַ לְבֵיתוֹ:

What is considered a “threshing floor” for tithes [i.e. when does produce become liable for tithes]?Cucumbers and gourds [are liable for tithes] once he removes their fuzz. And if he doesn’t remove it, once he makes a pile. Melons once he removes the fuzz with hot water. And if they he does not remove the fuzz, once he stores them in the muktzeh. Vegetables which are tied in bundles, from the time he ties them up in bundles. If he does not tie them up in bundles, until he fills the vessel with them. And if he does not fill the vessel, after he has gathered all that he wishes to gather. [Produce which is packed in] a basket [is liable for tithes] after he has covered it. If he is not going to cover it, until he fills the vessel with them. And if he does not fill the vessel, after he has gathered all that he wishes to gather. When does this apply? When one brings [the produce] to the market. But when he brings it to his own house, he may make a chance meal of it, until he reaches his house.

Mishnah Maasrot 1:5 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הָיָה עוֹבֵר בַּשּׁוּק וְאָמַר, טְלוּ לָכֶם תְּאֵנִים, אוֹכְלִין וּפְטוּרִין. לְפִיכָךְ אִם הִכְנִיסוּ לְבָתֵּיהֶם, מְתַקְּנִים וַדָּאי. טְלוּ וְהַכְנִיסוּ לְבָתֵּיכֶם, לֹא יֹאכְלוּ מֵהֶם עֲרַאי. לְפִיכָךְ אִם הִכְנִיסוּ לְבָתֵּיהֶם, אֵינָם מְתַקְּנִים אֶלָּא דְמָאי:

If one was passing through the street, and said “Take for yourself from my figs,” one may eat them and be exempt from tithes. Therefore if they brought them into their houses, they must separate [tithes and terumah] as if they were certainly untithed. [If he said], “Take and bring it into your houses,” they may not make a chance meal of them. Therefore if they brought them into their houses, they need tithe them only as demai.

Mishnah Maasrot 2:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַמַּעֲלֶה פֵרוֹת מִן הַגָּלִיל לִיהוּדָה, אוֹ עוֹלֶה לִירוּשָׁלַיִם, אוֹכֵל מֵהֶם עַד שֶׁהוּא מַגִּיעַ לְמָקוֹם שֶׁהוּא הוֹלֵךְ, וְכֵן בִּיהוּדָה. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, עַד שֶׁהוּא מַגִּיעַ לִמְקוֹם הַשְּׁבִיתָה. וְהָרוֹכְלִין הַמְּחַזְּרִין בָּעֲיָרוֹת, אוֹכְלִים עַד שֶׁמַּגִּיעִים לִמְקוֹם הַלִּינָה. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, הַבַּיִת הָרִאשׁוֹן הוּא בֵיתוֹ:

One who brings produce from the Galilee to Judea, or if he goes up to Jerusalem, he may eat of them until he arrives at the place to which he intends to go, and the same is true when he returns. Rabbi Meir says: [he may eat] until he reaches the place where he intends to rest [on Shabbat]. But peddlers who travel from town to town may eat until they reach the place where they intend to stay over night. Rabbi Judah says: the first house [he reaches] is his house.

Mishnah Maasrot 2:3 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הָאוֹמֵר לַחֲבֵרוֹ, הֵילָךְ אִסָּר זֶה וְתֶן לִי בוֹ חָמֵשׁ תְּאֵנִים, לֹא יֹאכַל עַד שֶׁיְּעַשֵּׂר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אוֹכֵל אַחַת אַחַת, פָּטוּר, וְאִם צֵרַף, חַיָּב. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, מַעֲשֶׂה בְגִנַּת וְרָדִים שֶׁהָיְתָה בִירוּשָׁלַיִם, וְהָיוּ תְאֵנִים נִמְכָּרוֹת מִשָּׁלֹשׁ וּמֵאַרְבַּע בְּאִסָּר, וְלֹא הֻפְרַשׁ מִמֶּנָּה תְרוּמָה וּמַעֲשֵׂר מֵעוֹלָם:

One who says to his friend: “Here is this issar, give me five figs for it”, he may not eat of [them] until he has tithed them, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Judah says: if he ate them one by one, he is exempt, but if he gathered them [to eat them] together, he is liable [to tithe.] Rabbi Judah said: it happened in a rose-garden in Jerusalem that there were figs being sold three or four for an issar, and neither terumah nor tithe was ever given from it.

Mishnah Maasrot 2:5 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

מָצָא קְצִיצוֹת בַּדֶּרֶךְ, אֲפִלּוּ בְצַד שְׂדֵה קְצִיצוֹת, וְכֵן תְּאֵנָה שֶׁהִיא נוֹטָה עַל דֶּרֶךְ, וּמָצָא תַחְתֶּיהָ תְּאֵנִים, מֻתָּרוֹת מִשּׁוּם גָּזֵל וּפְטוּרוֹת מִן הַמַּעֲשְׂרוֹת. וּבְזֵיתִים וּבְחָרוּבִים, חַיָּבִים. מָצָא גְרוֹגָרוֹת, אִם דָּרְסוּ רוֹב בְּנֵי אָדָם, חַיָּב, וְאִם לָאו, פָּטוּר. מָצָא פִלְחֵי דְבֵלָה, חַיָּב, שֶׁיָּדוּעַ שֶׁהֵן מִדָּבָר גָּמוּר. וְהֶחָרוּבִין, עַד שֶׁלֹּא כְנָסָן לְרֹאשׁ הַגַּג, מוֹרִיד מֵהֶם לִבְהֵמָה, פָּטוּר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַחֲזִיר אֶת הַמּוֹתָר:

If one found cut figs on the road, or even beside a field [where cut figs] have been spread [to dry], and similarly, if a fig tree overhangs the road, and he found figs beneath it, they are allowed [with regard to the laws] of robbery, and they are exempt from tithe. But if they were olives and carobs, they are liable. If one found dried figs, then if the majority of people had already trodden [their figs], he must tithe [them], but if not he is exempt. If one found slices of fig-cake he is liable [to tithe] since it is obvious they come from something whose processing had been fully completed. With carobs, if they had not yet been on the top of the roof, he may take some down for his animals and be exempt [from tithe] since he returns that which is left over.

Mishnah Maasrot 3:4 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

גֶּפֶן שֶׁהִיא נְטוּעָה בֶחָצֵר, נוֹטֵל אֶת כָּל הָאֶשְׁכּוֹל. וְכֵן בְּרִמּוֹן, וְכֵן בַּאֲבַטִּיחַ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, מְגַרְגֵּר בָּאֶשְׁכּוֹלוֹת, וּפוֹרֵט בָּרִמּוֹן, וְסוֹפֵת בָּאֲבַטִּיחַ. כֻּסְבָּר שֶׁהִיא זְרוּעָה בֶחָצֵר, מְקַרְטֵם עָלֶה עָלֶה וְאוֹכֵל. וְאִם צֵרַף, חַיָּב. הַסֵּאָה וְהָאֵזוֹב וְהַקּוֹרָנִית שֶׁבֶּחָצֵר, אִם הָיוּ נִשְׁמָרִים, חַיָּבִין:

A vine which was planted in a courtyard: one may take a whole cluster [and eat it without tithing]. Similarly with a pomegranate, or a melon, the words of Rabbi Tarfon. Rabbi Akiva says: he can pick single berries from the cluster, or split the pomegranate into slices, or cut slices of melon [and eat without tithing]. Coriander which was sown in a courtyard: one may pluck leaf by leaf and eat [without tithing], but if he ate them together he is liable [for tithes]. Savory and hyssop, and thyme which are in the courtyard, if they are kept watch over, they are liable for tithe.

Mishnah Maasrot 3:9 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

תְּאֵנָה שֶׁהִיא עוֹמֶדֶת בֶּחָצֵר וְנוֹטָה לַגִּנָּה, אוֹכֵל כְּדַרְכּוֹ וּפָטוּר. עוֹמֶדֶת בַּגִּנָּה וְנוֹטָה לֶחָצֵר, אוֹכֵל אַחַת אַחַת, פָּטוּר. וְאִם צֵרַף, חַיָּב. עוֹמֶדֶת בָּאָרֶץ וְנוֹטָה לְחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ, בְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ וְנוֹטָה לָאָרֶץ, הַכֹּל הוֹלֵךְ אַחַר הָעִקָּר. וּבְבָתֵּי עָרֵי חוֹמָה, הַכֹּל הוֹלֵךְ אַחַר הָעִקָּר. וּבְעָרֵי מִקְלָט, הַכֹּל הוֹלֵךְ אַחַר הַנּוֹף. וּבִירוּשָׁלַיִם, הַכֹּל הוֹלֵךְ אַחַר הַנּוֹף:

A fig tree which stands in a courtyard, and hangs over into a garden: one may eat in his customary fashion and be exempt [from tithes]. If it stands in the garden and hangs over into the courtyard, one may eat [the figs] one at a time and be exempt, but if he gathers them together, he is liable [for tithes]. If it stands in the land [of Israel] and hangs over [into the territory] outside the land, or if it stands outside the land, and hangs over into the land, [in all these cases the law is] decided according to the position of the root. And as regards houses in walled cities, everything is decided according to the position of the root. But as regards cities of refuge, everything is decided [also] according to the location of the branches. And in what concerns Jerusalem, everything is decided by the location of the branches.

Mishnah Maasrot 3:10 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַכּוֹבֵשׁ, הַשּׁוֹלֵק, הַמּוֹלֵחַ, חַיָּב. הַמְכַמֵּן בָּאֲדָמָה, פָּטוּר. הַמְטַבֵּל בַּשָּׂדֶה, פָּטוּר. הַפּוֹצֵעַ זֵיתִים שֶׁיֵּצֵא מֵהֶם הַשְּׂרָף, פָּטוּר. הַסּוֹחֵט זֵיתִים עַל בְּשָׂרוֹ, פָּטוּר. אִם סָחַט וְנָתַן לְתוֹךְ יָדוֹ, חַיָּב. הַמְקַפֵּא לְתַבְשִׁיל, פָּטוּר. לִקְדֵרָה, חַיָּב, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא כְבוֹר קָטָן:

If he pickled, stewed, or salted [produce], he is liable [to give tithes]. If he stored [produce] in the ground [in order to warm it up] he is exempt. If he dipped it [while yet] in the field, he is exempt. If he split olives so that the bitter taste may come out of them, he is exempt. If he squeezed olives against his skin, he is exempt. If he squeezed them and put [the oil] into his hand, he is liable. One who makes a viscous liquid [from grapes or olives] in order to put it in a dish is exempt. But if to put it in an [empty] pot, he is liable for it is like a small vat.

Mishnah Maasrot 4:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

תִּינוֹקוֹת שֶׁטָּמְנוּ תְאֵנִים לְשַׁבָּת, וְשָׁכְחוּ לְעַשְּׂרָן, לֹא יֹאכְלוּ לְמוֹצָאֵי שַׁבָּת עַד שֶׁיְּעַשְּׂרוּ. כַּלְכָּלַת שַׁבָּת, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי פּוֹטְרִין וּבֵית הִלֵּל מְחַיְּבִין. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף הַלּוֹקֵט אֶת הַכַּלְכָּלָה לִשְׁלֹחַ לַחֲבֵרוֹ, לֹא יֹאכַל עַד שֶׁיִּתְעַשֵּׂר:

Children who have hidden figs [in the field] for Shabbat and they forgot to tithe them, they must not be eaten after Shabbat until they have been tithed. In the case of a basket of fruits for Shabbat: Bet Shammai exempt it from tithes; But Bet Hillel makes it liable. Rabbi Judah says: even one who has gathered a basket of fruit to send as a present to his friend, must not eat of them, until they have been tithed.

Mishnah Maasrot 4:2 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַמְקַלֵּף שְׂעוֹרִים, מְקַלֵּף אַחַת אַחַת וְאוֹכֵל. וְאִם קִלֵּף וְנָתַן לְתוֹךְ יָדוֹ, חַיָּב. הַמּוֹלֵל מְלִילוֹת שֶׁל חִטִּים, מְנַפֶּה מִיָּד לְיָד וְאוֹכֵל. וְאִם נִפָּה וְנָתַן לְתוֹךְ חֵיקוֹ, חַיָּב. כֻּסְבָּר שֶׁזְּרָעָהּ לְזֶרַע, יַרְקָהּ פָּטוּר. זְרָעָהּ לְיָרָק, מִתְעַשֶּׂרֶת זֶרַע וְיָרָק. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, הַשֶּׁבֶת מִתְעַשֶּׂרֶת זֶרַע וְיָרָק וְזֵירִין. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ מִתְעַשֵּׂר זֶרַע וְיָרָק אֶלָּא הַשַּׁחֲלַיִם וְהַגַּרְגִּיר בִּלְבָד:

One who husks barley may husk one at a time and eat [without tithing], but if he husked and put them into his hand, he is liable [to tithe]. One who rubs [ears of] wheat may blow out [the chaff of the wheat] from hand to hand and eat, but if he blows and puts the grain in his lap he is liable. Coriander which was sown for the sake of the seed, the plant is exempt [from tithes]. If he sowed it for the sake of the plant then both the seed and the plant must be tithed. Rabbi Eliezer said: as for dill, tithe must be given from the seed and the plant, and the pods. But the sages say: only in the case of cress and eruca are both the seeds and plant tithed.

Mishnah Maasrot 4:5 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַלּוֹקֵחַ שְׂדֵה יָרָק בְּסוּרְיָא, אִם עַד שֶׁלֹּא בָא לְעוֹנַת הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת, חַיָּב. וּמִשֶּׁבָּא לְעוֹנַת הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת, פָּטוּר, וְלוֹקֵט כְּדַרְכּוֹ וְהוֹלֵךְ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף יִשְׂכֹּר פּוֹעֲלִים וִילַקֵּט. אָמַר רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בִּזְמַן שֶׁקָּנָה קַרְקַע, אֲבָל בִּזְמַן שֶׁלֹּא קָנָה קַרְקַע, אִם עַד שֶׁלֹּא בָא לְעוֹנַת הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת, פָּטוּר. רַבִּי אוֹמֵר, אַף לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן:

One who buys a field of vegetables in Syria: If before the season for tithing arrived, then he is liable to tithe. If after the season for tithing he is exempt, and he may go on gathering in his usual manner. Rabbi Judah says: he may even hire workers and gather. Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: When does this apply? If he has bought the land. But if, he has not bought the land, even before the season for tithing arrived he is exempt. Rabbi [Judah Hanasi] says: he must also tithe according to calculation.

Mishnah Maasrot 5:5 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַמְתַמֵּד וְנָתַן מַיִם בַּמִּדָּה וּמָצָא כְדֵי מִדָּתוֹ, פָּטוּר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְחַיֵּב. מָצָא יוֹתֵר עַל כְּדֵי מִדָּתוֹ, מוֹצִיא עָלָיו מִמָּקוֹם אַחֵר לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן:

One who makes grape-skin wine, and he put water on by measure, and he finds [afterwards] the same quantity, he is exempt from tithe. Rabbi Judah makes him liable. If he found more than the measure, he must give [tithe] for it from another place, in proportion.

Mishnah Maasrot 5:6 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

שׁוּם בַּעַל בֶּכִי, וּבָצָל שֶׁל רִכְפָּא, וּגְרִיסִין הַקִּילְקִין, וְהָעֲדָשִׁים הַמִּצְרִיּוֹת, רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אַף הַקַּרְקָס, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר אַף הַקּוּטְנִים, פְּטוּרִים מִן הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת, וְנִלְקָחִין מִכָּל אָדָם בַּשְּׁבִיעִית. זֶרַע לוּף הָעֶלְיוֹן, זֶרַע כְּרֵשִׁים, זֶרַע בְּצָלִים, זֶרַע לֶפֶת וּצְנוֹנוֹת, וּשְׁאָר זֵרְעוֹנֵי גִנָּה שֶׁאֵינָן נֶאֱכָלִים, פְּטוּרִים מִן הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת, וְנִלְקָחִין מִכָּל אָדָם בַּשְּׁבִיעִית, שֶׁאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֲבִיהֶן תְּרוּמָה, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ יֵאָכֵלוּ:

Garlic from Balbeck, onions from Rikpa, Cilician beans and Egyptians lentils, and Rabbi Meir says qirqas, and Rabbi Yose says qotnym are exempt from tithes and may be brought from any man in the seventh year. The seeds of upper arum pods, the seeds of leeks, the seeds of onions, the seeds of turnips and radishes, and other seeds of garden produce which are not eaten, are exempt from tithes, and may be bought from any man in the seventh year; and even though the plants from they grew were terumah, they may still be eaten [by non-priests].

Mishnah Maasrot 5:8 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp