Arakhin

הַכֹּל מַעֲרִיכִין וְנֶעֱרָכִין, נוֹדְרִים וְנִדָּרִים, כֹּהֲנִים וּלְוִיִּם וְיִשְׂרְאֵלִים, נָשִׁים וַעֲבָדִים. טֻמְטוּם וְאַנְדְּרוֹגִינוֹס, נוֹדְרִים וְנִדָּרִים וּמַעֲרִיכִין, אֲבָל לֹא נֶעֱרָכִין, שֶׁאֵינוֹ נֶעֱרָךְ אֶלָּא זָכָר וַדַּאי וּנְקֵבָה וַדָּאִית. חֵרֵשׁ, שׁוֹטֶה וְקָטָן, נִדָּרִין וְנֶעֱרָכִין, אֲבָל לֹא נוֹדְרִין וְלֹא מַעֲרִיכִין, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶם דָּעַת. פָּחוּת מִבֶּן חֹדֶשׁ, נִדָּר אֲבָל לֹא נֶעֱרָךְ:

All [persons] are fit to evaluate or to be made the subjects of evaluation, are fit to vow [another's worth] or have their worth vowed: priests, Levites and [ordinary] Israelites, women and slaves. The tumtum and the hermaphrodite are fit to vow [another's worth], or to have their worth vowed, and are fit to evaluate, but they are not fit to be made the subjects of evaluation, for the subject of evaluation must be definitely either male or female. A deaf-mute, an imbecile, or a minor are fit to have their worth vowed or be made the subject of evaluation, but they are not fit to make either a vow [of another's worth] or to evaluate, because they have no intelligence. A person less than one month old may have his worth vowed but not his valuation.

Mishnah Arakhin 1:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

אֵין בָּעֲרָכִין פָּחוּת מִסֶּלַע, וְלֹא יָתֵר עַל חֲמִשִּׁים סָלַע. כֵּיצַד, נָתַן סֶלַע וְהֶעֱשִׁיר, אֵינוֹ נוֹתֵן כְּלוּם. פָּחוֹת מִסֶּלַע וְהֶעֱשִׁיר, נוֹתֵן חֲמִשִּׁים סָלַע. הָיָה בְיָדָיו חָמֵשׁ סְלָעִים, רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אֵינוֹ נוֹתֵן אֶלָּא אֶחָת. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, נוֹתֵן אֶת כֻּלָּם. אֵין בָּעֲרָכִין פָּחוּת מִסֶּלַע, וְלֹא יָתֵר עַל חֲמִשִּׁים סֶלַע. אֵין פֶּתַח בַּטּוֹעָה פָּחוּת מִשִּׁבְעָה, וְלֹא יָתֵר עַל שִׁבְעָה עָשָׂר. אֵין בַּנְּגָעִים פָּחוּת מִשָּׁבוּעַ אֶחָד, וְלֹא יָתֵר עַל שְׁלשָׁה שָׁבוּעוֹת:

There is no evaluation less than one sela, nor more than fifty selas. How so? If one paid a sela and became rich, he need not give any [more]. But if he gave less than a sela and became rich, he must pay fifty selas. If he had five selas in his possession: Rabbi Meir says: he need not give more than one; The sages say he must give them all. There is no evaluation less than one sela, nor more than fifty selas. If a woman makes a mistake in her reckoning there is no re-opening for her [of the niddah count] earlier than seven, nor later than after seventeen days. No signs of leprosy are shut up for less than one week and none more than three weeks.

Mishnah Arakhin 2:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

יֵשׁ בָּעֲרָכִין לְהָקֵל וּלְהַחֲמִיר, בִּשְׂדֵה אֲחֻזָּה לְהָקֵל וּלְהַחֲמִיר, בְּשׁוֹר הַמּוּעָד שֶׁהֵמִית אֶת הָעֶבֶד לְהָקֵל וּלְהַחֲמִיר, בָּאוֹנֵס וּבַמְּפַתֶּה וּבַמּוֹצִיא שֵׁם רָע לְהָקֵל וּלְהַחֲמִיר. יֵשׁ בָּעֲרָכִין לְהָקֵל וּלְהַחֲמִיר. כֵּיצַד. אֶחָד שֶׁהֶעֱרִיךְ אֶת הַנָּאֶה שֶׁבְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וְאֶת הַכָּעוּר שֶׁבְּיִשְׂרָאֵל, נוֹתֵן חֲמִשִּׁים סָלַע. וְאִם אָמַר הֲרֵי דָמָיו עָלָי, נוֹתֵן אֶת שָׁוְיוֹ:

The law of evaluation is sometimes lenient, and at others times strict. The law of the field of possession is sometimes lenient, and at others times strict. The law concerning a warned ox that has killed a slave is sometimes lenient, and at others times strict. The law of the rapist and the seducer and the defamer is sometimes lenient, and at others times strict. The law of evaluation is sometimes lenient, and at others times strict. How so? Whether one has evaluated the fairest in Israel, or the ugliest in Israel, he must pay fifty selas. But if he said: “Behold, his monetary worth is upon me,” he pays only as much as he is worth.

Mishnah Arakhin 3:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הֶשֵּׂג יָד, בַּנּוֹדֵר. וְהַשָּׁנִים, בַּנִּדָּר. וְהָעֲרָכִים, בַּנֶּעֱרָךְ, וְהָעֵרֶךְ, בִּזְמַן הָעֵרֶךְ. הֶשֵּׂג יָד בַּנּוֹדֵר, כֵּיצַד. עָנִי שֶׁהֶעֱרִיךְ אֶת הֶעָשִׁיר, נוֹתֵן עֵרֶךְ עָנִי. וְעָשִׁיר שֶׁהֶעֱרִיךְ אֶת הֶעָנִי, נוֹתֵן עֵרֶךְ עָשִׁיר:

The sufficiency of means is according to the ability of the vower. And the age is according to the subject of the vow. The evaluation is according to the subject of the evaluation. And the evaluations [shall be paid according to the rate prescribed] at the time of the evaluation. The sufficiency of means is according to the ability of the vower. How so? If a poor man evaluated a rich man, he pays only the valuation of a poor man. But if a rich man evaluated a poor man, he must pay the valuation of a rich man.

Mishnah Arakhin 4:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הָאוֹמֵר, מִשְׁקָלִי עָלָי, נוֹתֵן מִשְׁקָלוֹ. אִם כֶּסֶף, כֶּסֶף. אִם זָהָב, זָהָב. מַעֲשֶׂה בְּאִמָּהּ שֶׁל יִרְמַטְיָה שֶׁאָמְרָה, מִשְׁקַל בִּתִּי עָלָי, וְעָלְתָה לִירוּשָׁלַיִם, וּשְׁקָלוּהָ וְנָתְנָה מִשְׁקָלָהּ זָהָב. מִשְׁקַל יָדִי עָלָי, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, מְמַלֵּא חָבִית מַיִם וּמַכְנִיסָהּ עַד מַרְפֵּקוֹ, וְשׁוֹקֵל בְּשַׂר חֲמוֹר וְגִידִין וַעֲצָמוֹת וְנוֹתֵן לְתוֹכָהּ עַד שֶׁתִּתְמַלֵּא. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, וְכִי הֵיאַךְ אֶפְשָׁר לְכַוֵּן בָּשָׂר כְּנֶגֶד בָּשָׂר וַעֲצָמוֹת כְּנֶגֶד עֲצָמוֹת. אֶלָּא שָׁמִין אֶת הַיָּד כַּמָּה הִיא רְאוּיָה לִשְׁקֹל:

One who said: “I vow my weight,” he must pay his weight, in silver [if he had said in] silver, or in gold [if he had said in] gold. It happened with the mother of Yirmatia, who said, “I vow my daughter's weight.” She went up to Jerusalem and weighed her and then paid her weight in gold. [If a man said: “I vow] the weight of my hand,” Rabbi Judah says: let him fill a barrel with water and put it [his hand] in up to the elbow. Then let him weigh the flesh, bones and sinews of a donkey and put it into the barrel until it is filled up again. Rabbi Yose said: “But how is it possible to account exactly one kind of flesh against another kind of flesh, and one kind of bones against another kind of bones? Rather: one estimates what the hand is likely to weigh.

Mishnah Arakhin 5:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

שׁוּם הַיְתוֹמִים, שְׁלשִׁים יוֹם, וְשׁוּם הַהֶקְדֵּשׁ, שִׁשִּׁים יוֹם, וּמַכְרִיזִין בַּבֹּקֶר וּבָעָרֶב. הַמַּקְדִּישׁ נְכָסָיו וְהָיְתָה עָלָיו כְּתֻבַּת אִשָּׁה, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, כְּשֶׁיְּגָרְשֶׁנָּה, יַדִּיר הֲנָאָה. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ. כַּיוֹצֵא בוֹ אָמַר רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל, אַף הֶעָרֵב לָאִשָּׁה בִכְתֻבָּתָה וְהָיָה בַעְלָהּ מְגָרְשָׁהּ, יַדִּיר הֲנָאָה, שֶׁמָּא יַעֲשֶׂה קְנוּנְיָא עַל נְכָסָיו שֶׁל זֶה וְיַחֲזִיר אֶת אִשְׁתּוֹ:

[The property] of orphans which has been evaluated [must be proclaimed for] thirty days. And [the property of] the Sanctuary which has been evaluated, [for] sixty days. They must make the proclamation in the morning and in the evening. If a man dedicates his property to the Sanctuary and he is still liable for his wife’s ketubah: Rabbi Eliezer says: when he divorces her he must vow that he will not derive any further benefit from her. Rabbi Joshua says: he need not do so. Similarly, Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel said: Also if one guarantees a woman's ketubah and her husband divorces her, the husband must vow to derive no benefit from her, lest he make a conspiracy against the property of that man [the guarantor] and take his wife back again.

Mishnah Arakhin 6:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

אֵין מַקְדִּישִׁין לִפְנֵי הַיּוֹבֵל פָּחוֹת מִשְּׁתֵּי שָׁנִים. וְלֹא גוֹאֲלִין לְאַחַר הַיּוֹבֵל פָּחוֹת מִשָּׁנָה. אֵין מְחַשְּׁבִין חֳדָשִׁים לַהֶקְדֵּשׁ. אֲבָל הַהֶקְדֵּשׁ מְחַשֵּׁב חֳדָשִׁים. הַמַּקְדִּישׁ אֶת שָׂדֵהוּ בִשְׁעַת הַיּוֹבֵל, נוֹתֵן בְּזֶרַע חֹמֶר שְׂעֹרִים חֲמִשִּׁים שֶׁקֶל כָּסֶף. הָיוּ שָׁם נְקָעִים עֲמֻקִּים עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים אוֹ סְלָעִים גְּבוֹהִים עֲשָׂרָה טְפָחִים, אֵין נִמְדָּדִים עִמָּהּ. פָּחוֹת מִכָּאן, נִמְדָּדִים עִמָּהּ. הִקְדִּישָׁהּ שְׁתַּיִם אוֹ שָׁלשׁ שָׁנִים לִפְנֵי הַיּוֹבֵל, נוֹתֵן סֶלַע וּפֻנְדְיוֹן לְשָׁנָה. אִם אָמַר הֲרֵינִי נוֹתֵן דְּבַר שָׁנָה בְשָׁנָה, אֵין שׁוֹמְעִין לוֹ, אֶלָּא נוֹתֵן אֶת כֻּלּוֹ כְּאֶחָד:

One may not consecrate [a field of his possession] less than two years before the Jubilee, nor redeem it less than one year after the Jubilee. One does not reckon months to [the disadvantage of] the Sanctuary, but the Sanctuary does reckon months [to its own advantage]. If a man consecrated his field at a time when the law of the Jubilee is in force, he must pay fifty shekels for [every piece of field sufficient for] the sowing of a homer of barley. If the field contained ravines ten handbreadths deep or rocks ten handbreadths high, they are not included as part of the field. But if less than this, they are included. If he consecrated it two or three years before the Jubilee, he must pay one sela [shekel] and one pondion for each year. If he says: “I shall pay for each year as it comes,” they do not listen to him, rather he must pay for all the years together.

Mishnah Arakhin 7:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַמַּקְדִּישׁ אֶת שָׂדֵהוּ בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁאֵינָהּ יוֹבֵל, אוֹמְרִים לוֹ פְּתַח אַתָּה רִאשׁוֹן, שֶׁהַבְּעָלִים נוֹתְנִים חֹמֶשׁ, וְכָל אָדָם אֵינוֹ נוֹתֵן חֹמֶשׁ. מַעֲשֶׂה בְאֶחָד שֶׁהִקְדִּישׁ אֶת שָׂדֵהוּ מִפְּנֵי רָעָתָהּ, אָמְרוּ לוֹ, פְּתַח אַתָּה רִאשׁוֹן. אָמַר, הֲרֵי הִיא שֶׁלִּי בְאִסָּר. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, לֹא אָמַר זֶה אֶלָּא בְּכַבֵּיצָה, שֶׁהַהֶקְדֵּשׁ נִפְדֶּה בְכֶסֶף וּבְשָׁוֶה כָסֶף. אָמַר לוֹ, הִגִּיעָתְךָ, נִמְצָא מַפְסִיד אִסָּר, וְשָׂדֵהוּ לְפָנָיו:

If one consecrated his field at a time when the [law of the] Jubilee was no longer observed, they say to him: “You open [the bidding]!” because the owner must pay an added fifth, whereas others do not pay an additional fifth. It happened that one consecrated his field because it was bad. They said to him: “You open the bidding.” He said: “I will acquire it for an issar.” Rabbi Yose said: he did say that, but rather “for an egg,” because consecrated objects may be redeemed by either money or money's equivalent. He [the Temple treasurer] said to him: It’s yours. It turns out he lost an issar and the field was his again.

Mishnah Arakhin 8:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

הַמּוֹכֵר אֶת שָׂדֵהוּ בִּשְׁעַת הַיּוֹבֵל, אֵינוֹ מֻתָּר לִגְאוֹל פָּחוּת מִשְּׁתֵּי שָׁנִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא כה), בְּמִסְפַּר שְׁנֵי תְבוּאֹת יִמְכָּר לָךְ. הָיְתָה שְׁנַת שִׁדָּפוֹן וְיֵרָקוֹן אוֹ שְׁבִיעִית, אֵינָהּ עוֹלָה מִן הַמִּנְיָן. נָרָהּ אוֹ הוֹבִירָהּ, עוֹלָה לוֹ מִן הַמִּנְיָן. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר, מְכָרָהּ לוֹ לִפְנֵי רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה וְהִיא מְלֵאָה פֵרוֹת, הֲרֵי זֶה אוֹכֵל מִמֶּנָּה שָׁלשׁ תְּבוּאוֹת לִשְׁתֵּי שָׁנִים:

If one sold his field [of possession] at the time when the Jubilee was in force, he may not redeem it for two years, as it says: “According to the number of the years of the crops he shall sell to you” (Leviticus 25:15). If there was a year of blight or mildew, or a seventh year, it is not included in the count. If he only broke the ground [without planting] or left it fallow [for a year], that year is included in the count. Rabbi Elazar says: if he sold it to him before Rosh Hashanah year, and it was still full of fruit, he enjoys three crops in two years.

Mishnah Arakhin 9:1 · Mishnah Yomit by Dr. Joshua Kulp

בְּמַעְרְבָא אָמְרִי: לָשׁוֹן תְּלִיתַאי קָטֵיל תְּלִיתַאי, הוֹרֵג לַמְסַפְּרוֹ, וְלַמְקַבְּלוֹ, וְלָאוֹמְרִין עָלָיו.

Arakhin 15b:21 · Sefaria Community Translation