Proverbs 15:1
Proverbs 15:1 · JPS 1917
מַֽעֲנֶה־רַּ֭ךְ יָשִׁ֣יב חֵמָ֑ה וּדְבַר־עֶ֝֗צֶב יַעֲלֶה־אָֽף׃
A soft answer turneth away wrath; But a grievous word stirreth up anger.
Proverbs 15:1 · JPS 1917
מַֽעֲנֶה־רַּ֭ךְ יָשִׁ֣יב חֵמָ֑ה וּדְבַר־עֶ֝֗צֶב יַעֲלֶה־אָֽף׃
A soft answer turneth away wrath; But a grievous word stirreth up anger.
Iggeret HaRamban · Sefaria Community Translation
"שְׁמַע בְּנִי מוּסַר אָבִיךָ, וְאַל תִּטֹּשׁ תּוֹרַת אִמֶּךָ" (משלי א ח).
"Listen, my son, to the thought of your father, and do not forsake the teaching of your mother." (Proverbs 1:8)
תִּתְנַהֵג תָּמִיד לְדַבֵּר כָּל דְּבָרֶיךָ בְּנַחַת, לְכָל אָדָם וּבְכָל עֵת, וּבַזֶּה תִּנָּצֵל מִן הַכַּעַס, שֶׁהִיא מִדָּה רָעָה לְהַחְטִיא בְּנֵי אָדָם. וְכֵן אָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ ז"ל (נדרים כב ע"א): כָּל הַכּוֹעֵס – כָּל מִינֵי גֵיהִנּוֹם שׁוֹלְטִים בּוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (קהלת יא י): "וְהָסֵר כַּעַס מִלִּבֶּךָ, וְהַעֲבֵר רָעָה מִבְּשָׂרֶךָ". וְאֵין "רָעָה" אֶלָּא גֵיהִנּוֹם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי טז ד): "וְגַם רָשָׁע לְיוֹם רָעָה".
Accustom yourself to always speak all of your words calmly, to every man and at every time. In doing so you will prevent your anger from flaring, which is a bad attribute in a man which may cause him to sin. And accordingly said our Rabbis, may their memories be a blessing: (Nedarim 22a) "Anyone who gets angry - all of Gehinnom holds sway over him, as it says: (Kohelet 11:10) 'And remove the anger from your heart, and take away the bad from your flesh', and 'bad' can only mean Gehinnom, as it says (Proverbs 16:4): 'And the sinner, he too, will have his day of bad'."
וְכַאֲשֶׁר תִּנָּצֵל מִן הַכַּעַס, תַּעֲלֶה עַל לִבְּךָ מִדַּת הָעֲנָוָה, שֶׁהִיא מִדָּה טוֹבָה מִכָּל מִדּוֹת טוֹבוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי כב ד): "עֵקֶב עֲנָוָה, יִרְאַת ה'".
When you will have freed yourself from anger, the quality of humility will enter your heart which is the best of all good traits, as is written(Mishlei 22:4), "The return for humility is fear of G-d."
וּבַעֲבוּר הָעֲנָוָה, תַּעֲלֶה עַל לִבְּךָ מִדַּת הַיִּרְאָה, כִּי תִתֵּן אֶל לִבְּךָ תָּמִיד: מֵאַיִן בָּאתָ, וּלְאַן אַתָּה הוֹלֵךְ; וְשֶׁאַתָּה רִמָּה וְתוֹלֵעָה בְּחַיֶּיךָ, וְאַף כִּי בְּמוֹתָךְ; וְלִפְנֵי מִי אַתָּה עָתִיד לִתֵּן דִּין וְחֶשְׁבּוֹן, לִפְנֵי מֶלֶךְ הַכָּבוֹד, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דה"ב ו יח): "הִנֵּה שָׁמַיִם וּשְׁמֵי הַשָׁמַיִם לֹא יְכַלְכְּלוּךָ", אַף כִּי לִבּוֹת בְּנֵי אָדָם (ע"פ משלי טו יא). וְנֶאֱמַר (ירמיהו כג כד): "הֲלֹא אֵת הַשָׁמַיִם וְאֵת הָאָרֶץ אֲנִי מָלֵא, נְאֻם ה'".
Through humility you will also come to fear God. It will cause you to always think about (Pirkei Avot 3:1) "where you came from and where you are going," and that while alive you are only like a maggot and a worm as after death, and before Whom you will eventually stand for judgment, the Glorious King, as it is written (I Kings 8:27) (Chronicles II 6:18) "Even the heaven and the heavens of heaven cannot contain You" -- "How much less the hearts of people!"(Mishlei 15:11), It is also written (Jeremiah 23:24), "Do I not fill heaven and earth? says the Lord."
וְכַאֲשֶׁר תַּחֲשֹׁב אֶת כָּל אֵלֶּה, תִּירָא מִבּוֹרְאֶךָ וְתִשָּׁמֵר מִן הַחֵטְא, וּבַמִּדוֹת הָאֵלֶּה תִּהְיֶה שָֹמֵחַ בְּחֶלְקֶךָ. וְכַאֲשֶׁר תִּתְנַהֵג בְּמִדַּת הָעֲנָוָה לְהִתְבּוֹשֵׁשׁ מִכָּל אָדָם, וּלְהִתְפַּחֵד מִמֶּנּוּ וּמִן הַחֵטְא – אָז תִּשְׁרֶה עָלֶיךָ רוּחַ הַשְּׁכִינָה, וְזִיו כְּבוֹדָהּ, וְחַיֵּי עוֹלָם הַבָּא.
When you think about all these things, you will come to fear God who created you, and you will protect yourself from sinning and thereby be happy with whatever happens to you. Also, when you act humbly and modestly before everyone, and fear God and (fear) sin, the radiance of His glory and the spirit of the Shechina (Divine Presence) will rest upon you, and you will live the life of the World to Come!
וְעַתָּה בְּנִי דַע וּרְאֵה, כִּי הַמִּתְגָּאֶה בְּלִבּוֹ עַל הַבְּרִיוֹת – מוֹרֵד הוּא בְּמַלְכוּת שָׁמַיִם, כִּי מִתְפָּאֵר הוּא בִּלְבוּשׁ מַלְכוּת שָׁמַיִם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים צג א): "ה' מָלָךְ גֵּאוּת לָבֵש", וגו'.
And now, my son, understand and observe that whoever feels that he is greater than others is rebelling against the Kingship of Heaven, because he is adorning himself with His garments, as it is written (Psalms 93:1), "The Lord reigns, He wears clothes of pride."
וּבַמֶה יִתְגָּאֵה לֵב הָאָדָם? אִם בְּעֹשֶׁר – "ה' מוֹרִישׁ וּמַעֲשִׁיר" (שמ"א ב ז). וְאִם בְּכָבוֹד – הֲלֹא לֵאלֹהִים הוּא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דה"א כט יב): "וְהָעֹשֶׁר וְהַכָּבוֹד מִלְפָנֶיךָ", וְאֵיךְ מִתְפָּאֵר בִּכְבוֹד קוֹנוֹ? וְאִם מִתְפָּאֵר בְּחָכְמָה: "מֵסִיר שָֹפָה לְנֶאֱמָנִים, וְטַעַם זְקֵנִים יִקַח" (איוב יב כ). נִמְצָא: הַכָּל שָׁוֶה לִפְנֵי הַמָּקוֹם, כִּי בְאַפּוֹ מַשְׁפִּיל גֵּאִים, וּבִרְצוֹנוֹ מַגְבִּיהַ שְׁפָלִים. לָכֵן הַשְׁפִּיל עַצְמְךָ, וִינַשַֹּאֲךָ הַמָּקוֹם.
What cause does one have for pride? Perhaps his wealth? "The Lord impoverishes and enriches" (I Samuel 2:7). Perhaps his honor? It belongs to God, as it is written (I Chronicles 29:12), "Wealth and honor come from You." So how could one adorn himself with G-d's honor? And one who prides himself in his wisdom surely knows that God "takes away the speech of assured men and reasoning from the sages" (Job 12:20). Thus, all are equal before God, since with His anger He lowers the proud and when He wishes He raises the low. So humble yourself and G-d will raise you up!
עַל כֵּן אַפָרֵשׁ לְךָ אֵיךְ תִּתְנַהֵג בְּמִדַּת הָעֲנָוָה, לָלֶכֶת בָּהּ תָּמִיד: כָּל דְבָרֶיךָ יִהְיוּ בְּנַחַת, וְרֹאשְׁךָ כָּפוּף; וְעֵינֶךָ יַבִּיטוּ לְמַטָּה לָאָרֶץ, וְלִבְּךָ לְמַעֲלָה; וְאַל תַּבִּיט בִּפְנֵי אָדָם בְּדַבֶּרְךָ עִמוֹ. וְכָל אָדָם יִהְיֶה גָדוֹל מִמְךָ בְּעֵינֶיךָ: אִם חָכָם אוֹ עָשִׁיר הוּא – עָלֶיךָ לְכַבְּדוֹ. וְאִם רָשׁ הוּא, וְאַתָּה עָשִׁיר אוֹ חָכָם מִמֶנוּ – חֲשֹׁב בְּלִבְּךָ כִּי אַתָּה חַיָּב מִמֶנוּ, וְהוּא זַכַּאי מִמְךָ, שֶׁאִם הוּא חוֹטֵא – הוּא שׁוֹגֵג, וְאַתָּה מֵזִיד.
Therefore, I will now explain to you how to always behave humbly. Speak gently at all times, with your head bowed, your eyes looking down to the ground and your heart focusing on God. Don't look at the face of the person to whom you are speaking. Consider everyone as greater than yourself. If he is wise or wealthy, you should give him respect. If he is poor and you are wealthier or wiser than he, consider yourself to be more guilty than he, and that he is more worthy than you, since when he sins it is inadvertent, while you act knowingly!
בְּכָל דְּבָרֶיךָ וּמַעֲשֶֹיךָ וּמַחְשְׁבוֹתֶיךָ, וּבְכָל עֵת – חֲשׁוֹב בְּלִבָּךְ כְּאִלוּ אַתָּה עוֹמֵד לִפְנֵי הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא וּשְׁכִינָתוֹ עָלֶיךָ, כִּי כְּבוֹדוֹ מָלֵא הָעוֹלָם. וּדְבָרֶיךָ יִהְיוּ בְּאֵימָה וּבְיִרְאָה, כְּעֶבֶד לִפְנֵי רַבּוֹ.
In all your actions, words and thoughts, always regard yourself as standing before God, with His Shechinah (Divine Presence) above you, for His glory fills the whole world. Speak with fear and awe, as a servant in the presence of his master.
וְתִתְבַּיֵּשׁ מִכָּל אָדָם. וְאִם יִקְרָאֲךָ אִישׁ – אַל תַּעֲנֵהוּ בְּקוֹל רָם, רַק בְּנַחַת כְּעוֹמֵד לִפְנֵי רַבּוֹ.
Act with restraint in front of everyone. When someone calls you, don't answer loudly, but calmly, as one who stands before his master.
וֶהֱוֵי זָהִיר לִקְרוֹת בַּתּוֹרָה תָּמִיד, אֲשֶׁר תּוּכַל לְקַיְּמָהּ. וְכַאֲשֶׁר תָּקוּם מִן הַסֵּפֶר – תְּחַפֵּשֹ בַּאֲשֶׁר לָמַדְתָּ אִם יֵשׁ בּוֹ דָבָר אֲשֶׁר תּוּכַל לְקַיְּמוֹ. וּתְפַשְׁפֵּשׁ בְּמַעֲשֶֹיךָ בַּבֹּקֶר וּבָעֶרֶב, וּבָזֶה יִהְיוּ כָּל יָמֶיךָ בִּתְשׁוּבָה.
Take heed to study Torah constantly, so you will be able to fulfill its commands. When you arise from your learning reflect carefully on what you have studied, to find a lesson in it that you can put into practice. Examine your actions every morning and evening, and in this way every one of your days will be spent in returning (to God).
וְהַסֵר כָּל דִבְרֵי הָעוֹלָם מִלִבְּךָ בְּעֵת הַתְּפִלָּה, וְהָכֵן לִבְּךָ לִפְנֵי הַמָּקוֹם בָּרוּךְ הוּא. וְטַהֵר רַעֲיוֹנֶיךָ, וַחֲשֹׁב הַדִּבּוּר קֹדֶם שֶׁתּוֹצִיאֶנּוּ מִפִּיךָ.
Remove all worldly concerns from your heart during prayer. Prepare your heart before God, purify your thoughts and think about the words before you utter them.
וְכֵן תַּעֲשֶֹה כָּל יְמֵי חַיֵּי הֶבְלֶךָ בְּכָל דָּבָר וְדָבָר, וְלֹא תֶחֱטָא. וּבָזֶּה יִהְיוּ דְּבָרֶיךָ וּמַעֲשֶֹיךָ וּמַחְשְׁבוֹתֶיךָ יְשָׁרִים; וּתְפִלָּתְךָ תִּהְיֶה זַכָּה וּבָרָה וּנְקִיָּה, וּמְכֻוֶּנֶת וּמְקֻבֶּלֶת לִפְנֵי הַמָּקוֹם בָּרוּךְ הוּא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים י יז): "תָּכִין לִבָּם – תַּקְשִׁיב אָזְנֶךָ".
Do this each and every day of your life, in all of your activities and you will not come to sin. This way all your words, deeds and thoughts will be proper, your prayers will be pure, clear, clean, appropriate and acceptable to God, as it is written (Psalms 10:17), "When their heart is directed to You, listen to them."
תִּקְרָא הָאִגֶּרֶת הַזֹּאת פַּעַם אַחַת בְּשָׁבוּעַ וְלֹא תִפְחֹת, לְקַיְּמָהּ וְלָלֶכֶת בָּהּ תָּמִיד אַחַר הַשֵּׁם יִתְבָּרַךְ, לְמַעַן תַּצְלִיחַ בְּכָל דְּרָכֶיךָ, וְתִזְכֶּה לָעוֹלָם הַבָּא הַצָּפוּן לַצַּדִּיקִים. וּבְכָל יוֹם שֶׁתִּקְרָאֶנָּה – יַעֲנוּךָ מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם כַּאֲשֶׁר יַעֲלֶה עַל לִבְּךָ לִשְׁאֹל, עַד עוֹלָם. אָמֵן סֶלָה.
Read this letter at least once a week and not less. Fulfill it, and in so doing, walk with it forever in the ways of the Lord, may He be blessed, so that you will succeed in all your ways. This is how you will succeed and merit the World to Come which is reserved for the righteous. Every day that you shall read this letter, heaven shall answer whatever arises in your heart to request, forever. Amen, Sela!
Pirkei Avot 5:11 · Mishnah Yomit, Dr. Joshua Kulp
אַרְבַּע מִדּוֹת בַּדֵּעוֹת. נוֹחַ לִכְעֹס וְנוֹחַ לִרְצוֹת, יָצָא שְׂכָרוֹ בְהֶפְסֵדוֹ. קָשֶׁה לִכְעֹס וְקָשֶׁה לִרְצוֹת, יָצָא הֶפְסֵדוֹ בִשְׂכָרוֹ. קָשֶׁה לִכְעֹס וְנוֹחַ לִרְצוֹת, חָסִיד. נוֹחַ לִכְעֹס וְקָשֶׁה לִרְצוֹת, רָשָׁע:
There are four kinds of temperaments: Easy to become angry, and easy to be appeased: his gain disappears in his loss; Hard to become angry, and hard to be appeased: his loss disappears in his gain; Hard to become angry and easy to be appeased: a pious person; Easy to become angry and hard to be appeased: a wicked person.
Avot D'Rabbi Natan 15:2 · The Minor Tractates of the Talmud
ואל תהי נוח לכעוס כיצד מלמד שיהא עניו כהלל הזקן ואל יהי קפדן כשמאי הזקן מה היה ענותנותו של הלל הזקן אמרו מעשה בשני בני אדם שעמדו והמרו זה את זה וזה את זה בד' מאות זוז אמרו כל שילך ויקניט את הלל יטול ארבע מאות זוז הלך אחד מהם ואותו היום ע״ש היה עם חשיכה וקא חייף רישיה בא וטפח לו על הדלת אמר היכן הלל היכן הלל נתעטף ויצא לקראתו א״ל בני מה אתה צריך א״ל שאלה (זו) אני צריך לשאול א״ל אמור א״ל מפני מה עיניהם של תרמודים תרוטות א״ל מפני שדרין בין חול במדבר ובאות רוחות ומפזרות אותו על עיניהם לפיכך עיניהם תרוטות הלך והמתין שעה אחת וחזר וטפח לו על הדלת אמר היכן הלל היכן הלל נתעטף ויצא א״ל בני מה אתה צריך א״ל הלכה אני צריך לשאול. א״ל אמור א״ל מפני מה רגליהם של אפרקיים רחבות א״ל מפני שהם יושבין עם בצעי המים ובכל יום ויום הם הולכים במים לפיכך רגליהם רחבות הלך והמתין שעה אחת וחזר וטפח על הדלת אמר היכן הלל היכן הלל נתעטף ויצא א״ל מה אתה צריך לשאול א״ל הלכה אני צריך לשאול. א״ל אמור נתעטף וישב לפניו א״ל [מה אתה צריך א״ל כך נשיאים משיבים] אל ירבו כמותך בישראל (אמר לו ח״ו הוי זהיר ברוחך מה אתה צריך) א״ל מפני מה (ראשיהם של בבליים ארוכים א״ל בני הלכה גדולה שאלת לפי שאין שם חיות פקחות כשנולד הולד מגדלות *אותם על אברים של עבדים ושל שפחות לפיכך ראשיהם ארוכות אבל כאן שיש חיות פקחות כשנולד הולד מגדלות אותו בעריסה ומשפשפות את ראשו לפיכך ראשיהם סגלגלין). א״ל איבדת ממני ד׳ מאות זוז א״ל כדי הוא הלל שתאבד על ידו ד׳ מאות זוז [וד׳ מאות זוז] והלל אל יקפיד:
BE NOT EASILY MOVED TO ANGER. What does this mean? It teaches that a man should be meek like Hillel the Elder and not impatient like Shammai the Elder. What was the meekness of Hillel the Elder? It is related that two men once wagered with each other the sum of four hundred zuz, saying, ‘Whoever will succeed in provoking Hillel to anger will take the four hundred zuz’. One of them went [to call on Hillel]. The day was the eve of the Sabbath towards dusk, and Hillel was then washing his head. He came, knocked at the door, and called out, ‘Where is Hillel? Where is Hillel?’ Hillel wrapped himself in his robe and went to him, asking, ‘My son, what do you require?’ ‘I have a question to ask,’ he said. ‘Ask it,’ said Hillel. Thereupon he asked, ‘Why are the inhabitants of Palmyra bleary-eyed?’ He answered, ‘Because they live in sandy deserts, and the winds scatter the sand over their eyes; for that reason their eyes are bleary’. The man departed, waited a while, returned, again knocked at the door, and called out, ‘Where is Hillel? Where is Hillel?’ Hillel wrapped himself in his robe and went out to him, asking, ‘My son, what do you require?’ ‘I have a question to ask,’ he said. ‘Ask it,’ said Hillel. Thereupon he asked, ‘Why have the Africans flat feet?’ He answered, ‘Because they live in marshy places and constantly walk in the water; for that reason their feet are flat’. The man departed, waited a while, returned, again knocked at the door and called out, ‘Where is Hillel? Where is Hillel?’ He wrapped himself in his robe, and went out to him, asking, ‘What do you wish to ask?’ ‘I have a question to ask,’ he said. ‘Ask it,’ said Hillel. The man then wrapped himself in his cloak and sat down before him. ‘What do you wish to ask?’ said Hillel. The other rejoined, ‘Is that the manner in which a President replies? May there not be many like you in Israel!’ ‘Heaven forfend!’ exclaimed Hillel, ‘mind your temper. What is it you require?’ He asked, ‘Why have the Babylonians long heads?’ He answered, ‘My son, you have asked an important question. Because they lack skilful midwives there, as soon as a child is born it is placed in the arms of male and female slaves; for that reason their heads are long. Here [in the Holy Land] there are expert midwives, and as soon as a child is born it is placed in a cot and its head is massaged; for that reason their heads are round’. Then said the man to him, ‘Through you I have lost four hundred zuz’. Hillel retorted, ‘Hillel is worthy that you should lose [twice] four hundred zuz on his account, and Hillel should not lose his temper’.
Proverbs 16:32 · JPS 1917
ט֤וֹב אֶ֣רֶךְ אַ֭פַּיִם מִגִּבּ֑וֹר וּמֹשֵׁ֥ל בְּ֝רוּח֗וֹ מִלֹּכֵ֥ד עִֽיר׃
He that is slow to anger is better than the mighty; And he that ruleth his spirit than he that taketh a city.
Mishneh Torah, Human Dispositions 2:3 · Mishnah Torah
וְיֵשׁ דֵּעוֹת שֶׁאָסוּר לוֹ לָאָדָם לִנְהֹג בָּהֶן בְּבֵינוֹנִית אֶלָּא יִתְרַחֵק מִן הַקָּצֶה הָאֶחָד עַד הַקָּצֶה הָאַחֵר. וְהוּא גֹּבַהּ לֵב. שֶׁאֵין דֶּרֶךְ הַטּוֹבָה שֶׁיִּהְיֶה אָדָם עָנָו בִּלְבַד אֶלָּא שֶׁיִּהְיֶה שְׁפַל רוּחַ וְתִהְיֶה רוּחוֹ נְמוּכָה לִמְאֹד. וּלְפִיכָךְ נֶאֱמַר בְּמשֶׁה רַבֵּנוּ (במדבר יב ג) "עָנָו מְאֹד" וְלֹא נֶאֱמַר עָנָו בִּלְבַד. וּלְפִיכָךְ צִוּוּ חֲכָמִים מְאֹד מְאֹד הֱוֵי שְׁפַל רוּחַ. וְעוֹד אָמְרוּ שֶׁכָּל הַמַּגְבִּיהַּ לִבּוֹ כָּפַר בָּעִקָּר שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ח יד) "וְרָם לְבָבֶךָ וְשָׁכַחְתָּ אֶת ה' אֱלֹקֶיךָ". וְעוֹד אָמְרוּ בְּשַׁמָּתָא מַאן דְּאִית בֵּיהּ גַּסּוּת הָרוּחַ וַאֲפִלּוּ מִקְצָתָהּ. וְכֵן הַכַּעַס מִדָּה רָעָה הִיא עַד לִמְאֹד וְרָאוּי לָאָדָם שֶׁיִּתְרַחֵק מִמֶּנָּה עַד הַקָּצֶה הָאַחֵר. וִילַמֵּד עַצְמוֹ שֶׁלֹּא יִכְעֹס וַאֲפִלּוּ עַל דָּבָר שֶׁרָאוּי לִכְעֹס עָלָיו. וְאִם רָצָה לְהַטִּיל אֵימָה עַל בָּנָיו וּבְנֵי בֵּיתוֹ אוֹ עַל הַצִּבּוּר אִם הָיָה פַּרְנָס וְרָצָה לִכְעֹס עֲלֵיהֶן כְּדֵי שֶׁיַּחְזְרוּ לַמּוּטָב יַרְאֶה עַצְמוֹ בִּפְנֵיהֶם שֶׁהוּא כּוֹעֵס כְּדֵי לְיַסְּרָם וְתִהְיֶה דַּעְתּוֹ מְיֻשֶּׁבֶת בֵּינוֹ לְבֵין עַצְמוֹ כְּאָדָם שֶׁהוּא מְדַמֶּה כּוֹעֵס בִּשְׁעַת כַּעֲסוֹ וְהוּא אֵינוֹ כּוֹעֵס. אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים הָרִאשׁוֹנִים כָּל הַכּוֹעֵס כְּאִלּוּ עוֹבֵד עֲבוֹדַת כּוֹכָבִים. וְאָמְרוּ שֶׁכָּל הַכּוֹעֵס אִם חָכָם הוּא חָכְמָתוֹ מִסְתַּלֶּקֶת מִמֶּנּוּ וְאִם נָבִיא הוּא נְבוּאָתוֹ מִסְתַּלֶּקֶת מִמֶּנּוּ. וּבַעֲלֵי כַּעַס אֵין חַיֵּיהֶם חַיִּים. לְפִיכָךְ צִוּוּ לְהִתְרַחֵק מִן הַכַּעַס עַד שֶׁיַּנְהִיג עַצְמוֹ שֶׁלֹּא יַרְגִּישׁ אֲפִלּוּ לַדְּבָרִים הַמַּכְעִיסִים וְזוֹ הִיא הַדֶּרֶךְ הַטּוֹבָה. וְדֶרֶךְ הַצַּדִּיקִים הֵן עֲלוּבִין וְאֵינָן עוֹלְבִין שׁוֹמְעִים חֶרְפָּתָם וְאֵינָם מְשִׁיבִין עוֹשִׂין מֵאַהֲבָה וּשְׂמֵחִים בְּיִסּוּרִים. וַעֲלֵיהֶם הַכָּתוּב אוֹמֵר (שופטים ה לא) "וְאֹהֲבָיו כְּצֵאת הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ בִּגְבֻרָתוֹ":
And, yet, there are certain tendencies which man is forbidden to follow in the middle-way, but must distance himself from extreme to extreme. The good way is not merely that man be meek, but that he should be humble-spirited, then his spirit will be extremely lowly. This is the reason why it is said of Moses that he was very meek (Num. 12.3) and not merely meek. This is also the reason why the sages commanded saying: "Be exceedingly humble of spirit" (Pir. Ab. 4.4). They, moreover, said: "He who is of a haughty heart denies the head principle" (Sotah, 4b), even as it is said: "Thine heart be then lifted up, and thou forget the Lord thy God" (Deut. 8.14); and they also said: "Isolated be he in whom there is a haughty spirit, even a little thereof" (Sotah. 5a). So is anger an extremely evil tendency and it is proper for man to remove himself from it to the other extreme. One should teach himself not to get angry, even over a matter which befits anger. If one desires to engender awe in his children and his household, or in the public, if he be at the head of a community, even if he desire to get angry at them so as to bring them back to the good way, he should only act angry in their presence so as to reprove them, but his disposition must remain calm within himself, even as a man imitates, who is angry when the time calls forth anger but in reality he is not angry. The sages of yore said: "He who yields to anger is as if he worshiped idolatry". They also said: "Whosoever yields to anger, if he be a wise man his wisdom leaves him, and if he be a prophet his prophecy leaves him." Verily the life of irritable persons is no life. They have, therefore, commanded to be afar from anger, so that one will train himself not to mind even the things which do cause irritation, for such is the good way. The conduct of the just is to take insults but not give insults, hear themselves flouted but make no reply, do their duty as a work of love, and bear affliction cheerfully. Concerning them the Verse says: "But may those that love Him be as the rising of the sun in his might" (Judg. 5.31).
Ecclesiastes 7:9 · JPS 1917
אַל־תְּבַהֵ֥ל בְּרֽוּחֲךָ֖ לִכְע֑וֹס כִּ֣י כַ֔עַס בְּחֵ֥יק כְּסִילִ֖ים יָנֽוּחַ׃
Be not hasty in thy spirit to be angry; For anger resteth in the bosom of fools.
Berakhot 7a:5 · Tractate Berakot by A. Cohen
וְאָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי יוֹסֵי: מִנַּיִן שֶׁאֵין מְרַצִּין לוֹ לְאָדָם בִּשְׁעַת כַּעְסוֹ, דִּכְתִיב: ״פָּנַי יֵלֵכוּ וַהֲנִחֹתִי לָךְ״. אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְמֹשֶׁה: הַמְתֵּן לִי עַד שֶׁיַּעַבְרוּ פָּנִים שֶׁל זַעַם וְאָנִיחַ לְךָ.
R. Johanan also said in the name of R. Jose : Whence is it that we should not try to appease a man in the time of his wrath? As it is written, "My face shall go and I will give thee rest" (Exod. xxxiii. 14). The Holy One, blessed be He, said to Moses, "Wait for Me until My wrathful countenance shall have passed away, then I will give thee rest."
Proverbs 19:11 · JPS 1917
שֵׂ֣כֶל אָ֭דָם הֶאֱרִ֣יךְ אַפּ֑וֹ וְ֝תִפְאַרְתּ֗וֹ עֲבֹ֣ר עַל־פָּֽשַׁע׃
It is the discretion of a man to be slow to anger, And it is his glory to pass over a transgression.
Orchot Tzadikim 12:18-19 · Orchot Tzaddikim
אָדָם שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ מִדַּת הַכַּעַס, וּמַכְרִיחַ אֶת מִדָּתוֹ וּמִנְהָגוֹ כְּאִלּוּ אֵינוֹ מִבַּעֲלֵי הַכַּעַס, עָלָיו נֶאֱמַר (משלי טז לב): ״טוֹב אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם מִגִּבּוֹר, וּמֹשֵׁל בְּרוּחוֹ מִלֹּכֵד עִיר״. וְ״אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם״ הוּא מִשְּׁלוֹשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה מִדּוֹת הַנֶּאֱמָרִים בַּבּוֹרֵא יִתְבָּרַךְ.
A man who has the quality of anger, but controls that anger and wrathful manner as though he were not at all subject to temper, concerning such a one it is said : "He that is slow to anger is better than the mighty ; and he that ruleth his spirit than he that taketh a city" (Prov. 16:32). And you must remember that slowness to anger, is one of the Thirteen Attributes which are ascribed to the Creator, may He be Blessed.
אָמַר הֶחָכָם: מִי שֶׁכַּעֲסוֹ בּוֹ בְּמַחֲשָׁבָה, תִּרְאֶה עָלָיו הַיִּשּׁוּב וְהֶהָדָר. וּמִי שֶׁכַּעֲסוֹ עָלָיו שֶׁלֹּא בְּמַחֲשָׁבָה, תִּרְאֶה עָלָיו הַשְּׁטוּת.
The Wise Man said, "He who has his anger in thought only, but restrains it, you can see dignity and glory on his countenance, but he whose anger is not only in his thought, expresses his folly in his features and in his manner.
Berakhot 29b:16 · Tractate Berakot by A. Cohen
אֲמַר לֵיהּ אֵלִיָּהוּ לְרַב יְהוּדָה אֲחוּהּ דְּרַב סַלָּא חֲסִידָא: לָא תִּרְתַּח וְלָא תִּחְטֵי. לָא תִּרְוֵי וְלָא תִּחְטֵי. וּכְשֶׁאַתָּה יוֹצֵא לַדֶּרֶךְ, הִמָּלֵךְ בְּקוֹנְךָ וָצֵא. מַאי הִמָּלֵךְ בְּקוֹנְךָ וָצֵא? אָמַר רַבִּי יַעֲקֹב אָמַר רַב חִסְדָּא: זוֹ תְּפִלַּת הַדֶּרֶךְ. וְאָמַר רַבִּי יַעֲקֹב אָמַר רַב חִסְדָּא: כׇּל הַיּוֹצֵא לַדֶּרֶךְ צָרִיךְ לְהִתְפַּלֵּל תְּפִלַּת הַדֶּרֶךְ.
Elijah said to Rab Judah, the brother of Rab Sala Hasida : "Be not wrathful and thou wilt not sin. Be not intoxicated and thou wilt not sin. When thou settest out on a journey, take counsel with thy Creator and go forth." What means, "Take counsel with thy Creator and go forth" ? R. Jacob said in the name of Rab Hisda : This refers to the prayer to be offered on undertaking a journey. R. Jacob also said in the name of Rab Hisda : Whoever sets out on a journey should offer the prayer ordained for a journey.
Kitzur Shulchan Arukh 30:8 · Kitzur Shulchan Aruch
אִם תִּרְצֶה לְהִנָּקֵם מֵאוֹיְבֶךָ. תּוֹסִיף מַעֲלוֹת טוֹבוֹת וְתֵלֵךְ בְּדַרְכֵי יְשָׁרִים, וּבָזֶה מִמֵּילָא תִּנָּקֵם מִשּׂוֹנְאֶיךָ, כִּי הוּא יִצְטַעֵר עַל מִדּוֹתֶיךָ, וְיִתְאַבֵּל בְּשָׁמְעוֹ שִׁמְךָ הַטּוֹב. אֲבָל אִם תַּעֲשֶׂה מַעֲשִׂים מְכֹעָרִים, אָז יִשְׂמַח שׂוֹנְאֲךָ עַל קְלוֹנְךָ וְחֶרְפָּתְךָ, וְהִנֵּה הוּא מִתְנַקֵּם בָּךְ.
If you [really] want to take revenge against your enemy, acquire more good qualities and walk in the path of righteousness. In so doing you will inevitably take vengeance against your enemy for he will be distressed over your good qualities, and he will be grieved over your good reputation. But if you [stoop to] do vile deeds, then your enemy will rejoice over your disgrace and your shame, and he is the one who takes revenge against you.
Psalms 37:8 · JPS 1917
הֶ֣רֶף מֵ֭אַף וַעֲזֹ֣ב חֵמָ֑ה אַל־תִּ֝תְחַ֗ר אַךְ־לְהָרֵֽעַ׃
Cease from anger, and forsake wrath; fret not thyself, it tendeth only to evil-doing.
Orchot Tzadikim 12:22 · Orchot Tzaddikim
וְדַע כִּי גְּמַר שֵׂכֶל שֶׁל אָדָם הוּא שֶׁיִּמְשֹׁל עַל כַּעַס, כְּמוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי יט יא): ״שֵׂכֶל אָדָם הֶאֱרִיךְ אַפּוֹ״. הַכַּעַס נוֹטֶה מְאוֹד אֶל הַגַּאֲוָה, וְאֵין הַכּוֹעֵס נִמְלָט מִן הַגַּאֲוָה; וּכְבָר יָדַעְתָּ רָעוֹת הַגַּאֲוָה. וְרָאוּי לָאָדָם שֶׁיִּתְרַחֵק מִן הַכַּעַס; וַאֲפִלּוּ בְּדָבָר שֶׁרָאוּי לִכְעֹס עָלָיו – יַעְצֹר אֶת הָרוּחַ וְלֹא יִכְעַס. וְכֵן צָרִיךְ בַּעַל הַכַּעַס לַעֲשׂוֹת מִתְּחִלָּה, כְּשֶׁיַּעֲלֶה בְּדַעְתּוֹ שֶׁלֹּא יִכְעַס: צָרִיךְ שֶׁלֹּא יַרְגִּישׁ כְּלָל, אֲפִלּוּ הֻכָּה וְקֻלַּל – לֹא יִרְגַּז וְלֹא יָחוּשׁ.
And you should know that the final sum of the intelligence of a man is his ability to govern his anger. As it is said : "It is the discretion of a man to be slow to anger" (Proverbs 19:11). Anger is very close to arrogance and no angry man can escape arrogance. You already know the evils of arrogance. It is proper for a man to be distant from anger, even on a matter where anger is proper he should hold back his impulse and not be angry. A man who is subject to anger should do this right at the outset. When he resolves in his mind that he must not get angry, he must also determine and resolve that he should not feel any humiliation or any insult. Even though he be rebuked or cursed, he should not feel anything and should not concern himself about it.
Leviticus 19:17-18 · JPS 1917
לֹֽא־תִשְׂנָ֥א אֶת־אָחִ֖יךָ בִּלְבָבֶ֑ךָ הוֹכֵ֤חַ תּוֹכִ֙יחַ֙ אֶת־עֲמִיתֶ֔ךָ וְלֹא־תִשָּׂ֥א עָלָ֖יו חֵֽטְא׃
Thou shalt not hate thy brother in thy heart; thou shalt surely rebuke thy neighbour, and not bear sin because of him.
לֹֽא־תִקֹּ֤ם וְלֹֽא־תִטֹּר֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י עַמֶּ֔ךָ וְאָֽהַבְתָּ֥ לְרֵעֲךָ֖ כָּמ֑וֹךָ אֲנִ֖י יְהֹוָֽה׃
Thou shalt not take vengeance, nor bear any grudge against the children of thy people, but thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself: I am the LORD.
Proverbs 29:11 · JPS 1917
כׇּל־ר֭וּחוֹ יוֹצִ֣יא כְסִ֑יל וְ֝חָכָ֗ם בְּאָח֥וֹר יְשַׁבְּחֶֽנָּה׃
A fool spendeth all his spirit; But a wise man stilleth it within him.
Every word on this page is the text itself, with its translator named. Texts from Sefaria. In a crisis, please also reach out to someone: a rabbi, a friend, a doctor, or a helpline.